Jonathan Epstein1, Richard H Osborne2, Gerald R Elsworth2, Dorcas E Beaton3, Francis Guillemin4. 1. INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Service d'Épidémiologie et Évaluation Cliniques, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Allée du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CHU Nancy, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Allée du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Apemac, EA 4360, Faculté de Médecine, 9 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. 2. Public Health Innovation, Population Health Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne VIC 3125, Australia. 3. Mobility Program Clinical Research Unit, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St. Toronto Ontario M5B 1W 8, Canada; Institute for Work and Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800 Toronto, Ontario M5G 2E9, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 500 University Av. Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7 Canada. 4. INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Service d'Épidémiologie et Évaluation Cliniques, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Allée du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CHU Nancy, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Allée du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Apemac, EA 4360, Faculté de Médecine, 9 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Electronic address: francis.guillemin@chu-nancy.fr.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the contribution of back-translation and expert committee to the content and psychometric properties of a translated multidimensional questionnaire. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Recommendations for questionnaire translation include back-translation and expert committee, but their contribution to measurement properties is unknown. Four English to French translations of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire were generated with and without committee or back-translation. Face validity, acceptability, and structural properties were compared after random assignment to people with rheumatoid arthritis (N = 1,168), chronic renal failure (N = 2,368), and diabetes (N = 538). For face validity, 15 bilingual people compared translations quality with the original. Psychometric properties were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (metric and scalar invariance) and item response theory. RESULTS: Qualitatively, there were five types of translation errors: style, intensity, frequency/time frame, breadth, and meaning. Bilingual assessors ranked best the translations with committee (P = 0.0026). All translations had good structural properties (root mean square error of approximation <0.05; comparative fit index [CFI], ≥0.899; and Tucker-Lewis index, ≥0.889). Full measurement invariance was observed between translations (ΔCFI ≤ 0.01) with metric invariance between translations and original (lowest ΔCFI = 0.022 between fully constrained models and models with free intercepts). Item characteristic curve analyses revealed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: This is the first experimental evidence that back-translation has moderate impact, whereas expert committee helps to ensure accurate content.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the contribution of back-translation and expert committee to the content and psychometric properties of a translated multidimensional questionnaire. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Recommendations for questionnaire translation include back-translation and expert committee, but their contribution to measurement properties is unknown. Four English to French translations of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire were generated with and without committee or back-translation. Face validity, acceptability, and structural properties were compared after random assignment to people with rheumatoid arthritis (N = 1,168), chronic renal failure (N = 2,368), and diabetes (N = 538). For face validity, 15 bilingual people compared translations quality with the original. Psychometric properties were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (metric and scalar invariance) and item response theory. RESULTS: Qualitatively, there were five types of translation errors: style, intensity, frequency/time frame, breadth, and meaning. Bilingual assessors ranked best the translations with committee (P = 0.0026). All translations had good structural properties (root mean square error of approximation <0.05; comparative fit index [CFI], ≥0.899; and Tucker-Lewis index, ≥0.889). Full measurement invariance was observed between translations (ΔCFI ≤ 0.01) with metric invariance between translations and original (lowest ΔCFI = 0.022 between fully constrained models and models with free intercepts). Item characteristic curve analyses revealed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: This is the first experimental evidence that back-translation has moderate impact, whereas expert committee helps to ensure accurate content.
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