Leila Chaieb1, Andrea Antal2, Alberto Pisoni3, Catarina Saiote4, Alexander Opitz4, Géza Gergely Ambrus5, Niels Focke4, Walter Paulus4. 1. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 2. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany. Electronic address: AAntal@gwdg.de. 3. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 4. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany. 5. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sinusoidal transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5 kHz applied for 10 min at 1 mA intensity over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) results in sustained changes in cortical excitability as previously demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: Here we have assessed safety aspects of this stimulation method by measuring neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, examining electroencephalogram (EEG) traces and analyzing anatomical data by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Altogether 18 healthy volunteers participated in the study. tACS was applied at 5 kHz for a duration of 10 min over the left M1 at an intensity of 1 mA. RESULTS: After stimulation no significant changes were detected in NSE levels, no structural alterations were observed in the anatomical scans and no pathological changes were found in the EEG recordings. CONCLUSIONS: Our data imply that the application of tACS is safe at least within these parameters and with these applied protocols.
BACKGROUND: Sinusoidal transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5 kHz applied for 10 min at 1 mA intensity over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) results in sustained changes in cortical excitability as previously demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: Here we have assessed safety aspects of this stimulation method by measuring neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, examining electroencephalogram (EEG) traces and analyzing anatomical data by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Altogether 18 healthy volunteers participated in the study. tACS was applied at 5 kHz for a duration of 10 min over the left M1 at an intensity of 1 mA. RESULTS: After stimulation no significant changes were detected in NSE levels, no structural alterations were observed in the anatomical scans and no pathological changes were found in the EEG recordings. CONCLUSIONS: Our data imply that the application of tACS is safe at least within these parameters and with these applied protocols.
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