Practicing memory retrieval improves long-term retention in rats.

The view that the human mind is a repository of stored items dates at least to Aristotle and Plato and continues to dominate investigations of human memory. This view fits with our intuitions that we study information as the optimal method to store information in memory and that retrieval of information functions only to assess what information was previously stored. Yet modern research on human memory suggests that retrieving information during a test facilitates later memory of that information. Because human memory is intertwined with language, it is difficult to resist the conclusion that language is essential for this key aspect of human cognition. Here we show that practising memory retrieval improves long-term retention in a nonhuman species. We report evidence that rats' long-term memory performance is enhanced if they had previously retrieved specific items stored in memory.