Distance-dependent intrinsic fluorescence of proteins on aluminum nanostructures.

In the past several years we have demonstrated the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) and the significant changes in the photophysical properties of fluorophores in the presence of metallic nanostructures and nanoparticles using ensemble spectroscopic studies. In the represented study, we explored the distance effect on intrinsic fluorescence of proteins adsorbed on our layer-by-layer assembled metallic nanostructures. The study is expected to provide more information on the importance of positioning the proteins at a particular distance for enhanced fluorescence from metallic structures. For the present study, we considered using easy and inexpensive LbL technique to provide well-defined distance from metallic surface. The explored proteins were adsorbed on different numbers of alternate layers of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). SA and BSA were electrostatically attached to the positively charged PAH layer. We obtained a maximum of ~11-fold and 9-fold increase in fluorescence intensity from SA and BSA, respectively. And also we observed ~3-fold decrease in BSA lifetime on metallic nanostructures than those on bare control quartz slides. This study reveals the distance dependence of protein fluorescence.