OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to identify predictors of depressive symptoms and psychological distress. DESIGN: A longitudinal study with assessments at 3 months, 1 year and 5 years after injury. SUBJECTS: A total of 118 individuals (29% females; mean age 32.5; range 16-55 years) with mild-to-severe TBI who were hospitalized in the Trauma Referral Centre from 2005 to 2007. METHODS: Self-report assessments using the Hospital Anxiety- and Depression Scale, the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Injury severity, trauma scores, pain, fatigue, substance abuse and demographic characteristics were also recorded. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18% at 3 months, 13% at 1 year and 18% at 5 years after injury. Only 4% had persistent depressive symptoms at all time-points. At 1 year post-injury, anxiety, age, ongoing stressors and employment status predicted depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.43, p < 0.001), and ongoing stressors, employment status, fatigue and pain predicted psychological distress (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Psychosocial stressors and employment status contributed to depressive symptoms and psychological distress, whereas injury severity did not have any predictive value. The prevalence of depressive symptoms remained stable over time, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and treating depression early after the injury.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to identify predictors of depressive symptoms and psychological distress. DESIGN: A longitudinal study with assessments at 3 months, 1 year and 5 years after injury. SUBJECTS: A total of 118 individuals (29% females; mean age 32.5; range 16-55 years) with mild-to-severe TBI who were hospitalized in the Trauma Referral Centre from 2005 to 2007. METHODS: Self-report assessments using the Hospital Anxiety- and Depression Scale, the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Injury severity, trauma scores, pain, fatigue, substance abuse and demographic characteristics were also recorded. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18% at 3 months, 13% at 1 year and 18% at 5 years after injury. Only 4% had persistent depressive symptoms at all time-points. At 1 year post-injury, anxiety, age, ongoing stressors and employment status predicted depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.43, p < 0.001), and ongoing stressors, employment status, fatigue and pain predicted psychological distress (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION:Psychosocial stressors and employment status contributed to depressive symptoms and psychological distress, whereas injury severity did not have any predictive value. The prevalence of depressive symptoms remained stable over time, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and treating depression early after the injury.
Authors: Nada Andelic; Paul B Perrin; Marit V Forslund; Helene L Soberg; Solrun Sigurdardottir; Unni Sveen; Tone Jerstad; Cecilie Roe Journal: J Neurol Date: 2014-12-05 Impact factor: 4.849
Authors: Bridgette D Semple; Linda J Noble-Haeusslein; Yong Jun Kwon; Pingdewinde N Sam; A Matt Gibson; Sarah Grissom; Sienna Brown; Zahra Adahman; Christopher A Hollingsworth; Alexander Kwakye; Kayleen Gimlin; Elisabeth A Wilde; Gerri Hanten; Harvey S Levin; A Katrin Schenk Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-08-08 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Torun Gangaune Finnanger; Alexander Olsen; Toril Skandsen; Stian Lydersen; Anne Vik; Kari Anne I Evensen; Cathy Catroppa; Asta K Håberg; Stein Andersson; Marit S Indredavik Journal: Behav Neurol Date: 2015-10-13 Impact factor: 3.342