Glenwood D Goss1, Chris O'Callaghan, Ian Lorimer, Ming-Sound Tsao, Gregory A Masters, James Jett, Martin J Edelman, Rogerio Lilenbaum, Hak Choy, Fadlo Khuri, Katherine Pisters, David Gandara, Kemp Kernstine, Charles Butts, Jonathan Noble, Thomas A Hensing, Kendrith Rowland, Joan Schiller, Keyue Ding, Frances A Shepherd. 1. Glenwood D. Goss and Ian Lorimer, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Chris O'Callaghan and Keyue Ding, NCIC CTG, Queens University, Kingston; Ming-Sound Tsao and Frances A. Shepherd, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto; Jonathan Noble, Northeast Cancer Center, Sudbury, Ontario; Charles Butts, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Gregory A. Masters, Christiana Care's Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, DE; James Jett, National Jewish Health, Division of Oncology, Denver, CO; Martin J. Edelman, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Rogerio Lilenbaum, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Hak Choy, Kemp Kernstine, and Joan Schiller, The University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Katherine Pisters, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Fadlo Khuri, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; David Gandara, University of California, Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA; Thomas A. Hensing, NorthShore University Health System, The University of Chicago, Chicago; and Kendrith Rowland, Carle Cancer Center, Urbana, IL.
Abstract
PURPOSE:Survival of patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unsatisfactory, and in 2002, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was not established. This phase III study assessed the impact of postoperative adjuvant gefitinib on overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with completely resected (stage IB, II, or IIIA) NSCLC stratified by stage, histology, sex, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive gefitinib 250 mg per day or placebo for 2 years. Study end points were OS, disease-free survival (DFS), and toxicity. RESULTS: As a result of early closure, 503 of 1,242 planned patients were randomly assigned (251 to gefitinib and 252 to placebo). Baseline factors were balanced between the arms. With a median of 4.7 years of follow-up (range, 0.1 to 6.3 years), there was no difference in OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.64; P = .14) or DFS (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.61; P = .15) between the arms. Exploratory analyses demonstrated no DFS (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.76; P = .14) or OS benefit (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.71; P = .18) from gefitinib for 344 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type tumors. Similarly, there was no DFS (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.44 to 7.73; P = .395) or OS benefit (HR, 3.16; 95% CI, 0.61 to 16.45; P = .15) from gefitinib for the 15 patients with EGFR mutation-positive tumors. Adverse events were those expected with an EGFR inhibitor. Serious adverse events occurred in ≤ 5% of patients, except infection, fatigue, and pain. One patient in each arm had fatal pneumonitis. CONCLUSION: Although the trial closed prematurely and definitive statements regarding the efficacy of adjuvant gefitinib cannot be made, these results indicate that it is unlikely to be of benefit.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: Survival of patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unsatisfactory, and in 2002, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was not established. This phase III study assessed the impact of postoperative adjuvant gefitinib on overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with completely resected (stage IB, II, or IIIA) NSCLC stratified by stage, histology, sex, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive gefitinib 250 mg per day or placebo for 2 years. Study end points were OS, disease-free survival (DFS), and toxicity. RESULTS: As a result of early closure, 503 of 1,242 planned patients were randomly assigned (251 to gefitinib and 252 to placebo). Baseline factors were balanced between the arms. With a median of 4.7 years of follow-up (range, 0.1 to 6.3 years), there was no difference in OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.64; P = .14) or DFS (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.61; P = .15) between the arms. Exploratory analyses demonstrated no DFS (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.76; P = .14) or OS benefit (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.71; P = .18) from gefitinib for 344 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type tumors. Similarly, there was no DFS (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.44 to 7.73; P = .395) or OS benefit (HR, 3.16; 95% CI, 0.61 to 16.45; P = .15) from gefitinib for the 15 patients with EGFR mutation-positive tumors. Adverse events were those expected with an EGFR inhibitor. Serious adverse events occurred in ≤ 5% of patients, except infection, fatigue, and pain. One patient in each arm had fatal pneumonitis. CONCLUSION: Although the trial closed prematurely and definitive statements regarding the efficacy of adjuvant gefitinib cannot be made, these results indicate that it is unlikely to be of benefit.
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