PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human brucellosis is a neglected, underrecognized infection of widespread geographic distribution. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact. This review describes new information regarding the epidemiology of brucellosis in the developing world and advances in diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: The highest recorded incidence of human brucellosis occurs in the Middle East and Central Asia. Fever etiology studies demonstrate brucellosis as a cause of undifferentiated febrile illness in the developing world. Brucellosis is a rare cause of fever among returning travelers, but is more common among travelers returning from the Middle East and North Africa. Sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic tests appropriate for resource-limited settings have been validated. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that optimal treatment for human brucellosis consists of doxycycline and an aminoglycoside. Decreasing the burden of human brucellosis requires control of animal brucellosis, but evidence to inform the design of control programs in the developing world is needed. SUMMARY: Brucellosis causes substantial morbidity in human and animal populations. While improvements in diagnostic options for resource-limited settings and stronger evidence for optimal therapy should enhance identification and treatment of human brucellosis, prevention of human disease through control in animals remains paramount.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Humanbrucellosis is a neglected, underrecognized infection of widespread geographic distribution. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact. This review describes new information regarding the epidemiology of brucellosis in the developing world and advances in diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: The highest recorded incidence of humanbrucellosis occurs in the Middle East and Central Asia. Fever etiology studies demonstrate brucellosis as a cause of undifferentiated febrile illness in the developing world. Brucellosis is a rare cause of fever among returning travelers, but is more common among travelers returning from the Middle East and North Africa. Sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic tests appropriate for resource-limited settings have been validated. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that optimal treatment for humanbrucellosis consists of doxycycline and an aminoglycoside. Decreasing the burden of humanbrucellosis requires control of animal brucellosis, but evidence to inform the design of control programs in the developing world is needed. SUMMARY:Brucellosis causes substantial morbidity in human and animal populations. While improvements in diagnostic options for resource-limited settings and stronger evidence for optimal therapy should enhance identification and treatment of humanbrucellosis, prevention of human disease through control in animals remains paramount.
Authors: Salma Afifi; Ken Earhart; Mohamed A Azab; Fouad G Youssef; Hammam El Sakka; Momtaz Wasfy; Hoda Mansour; Said El Oun; Magda Rakha; Francis Mahoney Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2005-08 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: James Gafirita; George Kiiza; Angelique Murekatete; Leonard L Ndahayo; John Tuyisenge; Vedaste Mashengesho; Rudoviko Ruhirwa; Theogene Nyandwi; Brenda Asiimwe-Kateera; Vedaste Ndahindwa; Kato J Njunwa Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2017-07-27 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Alyssa B Helms; Orsolya Balogh; Rebecca Franklin-Guild; Kevin Lahmers; Clayton C Caswell; Julie T Cecere Journal: Front Vet Sci Date: 2021-07-08