Daniel Rasic1, Tomas Hajek, Martin Alda, Rudolf Uher. 1. *To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Canada Research Chair in Early Intervention in Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Room 3089, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2E2, Canada; fax: 902-473-4877, e-mail: uher@dal.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Offspring of parents with severe mental illness (SMI; schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder) are at an increased risk of developing mental illness. We aimed to quantify the risk of mental disorders in offspring and determine whether increased risk extends beyond the disorder present in the parent. METHOD: Meta-analyses of absolute and relative rates of mental disorders in offspring of parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depression in family high-risk studies published by December 2012. RESULTS: We included 33 studies with 3863 offspring of parents with SMI and 3158 control offspring. Offspring of parents with SMI had a 32% probability of developing SMI (95% CI: 24%-42%) by adulthood (age >20). This risk was more than twice that of control offspring (risk ratio [RR] 2.52; 95% CI 2.08-3.06, P < .001). High-risk offspring had a significantly increased rate of the disorder present in the parent (RR = 3.59; 95% CI: 2.57-5.02, P < .001) and of other types of SMI (RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.48-2.49, P < .001). The risk of mood disorders was significantly increased among offspring of parents with schizophrenia (RR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02-2.58; P = .042). The risk of schizophrenia was significantly increased in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (RR = 6.42; 95% CI: 2.20-18.78, P < .001) but not among offspring of parents with depression (RR = 1.71; 95% CI: 0.19-15.16, P = .631). CONCLUSIONS: Offspring of parents with SMI are at increased risk for a range of psychiatric disorders and one third of them may develop a SMI by early adulthood.
OBJECTIVE: Offspring of parents with severe mental illness (SMI; schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder) are at an increased risk of developing mental illness. We aimed to quantify the risk of mental disorders in offspring and determine whether increased risk extends beyond the disorder present in the parent. METHOD: Meta-analyses of absolute and relative rates of mental disorders in offspring of parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depression in family high-risk studies published by December 2012. RESULTS: We included 33 studies with 3863 offspring of parents with SMI and 3158 control offspring. Offspring of parents with SMI had a 32% probability of developing SMI (95% CI: 24%-42%) by adulthood (age >20). This risk was more than twice that of control offspring (risk ratio [RR] 2.52; 95% CI 2.08-3.06, P < .001). High-risk offspring had a significantly increased rate of the disorder present in the parent (RR = 3.59; 95% CI: 2.57-5.02, P < .001) and of other types of SMI (RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.48-2.49, P < .001). The risk of mood disorders was significantly increased among offspring of parents with schizophrenia (RR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02-2.58; P = .042). The risk of schizophrenia was significantly increased in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (RR = 6.42; 95% CI: 2.20-18.78, P < .001) but not among offspring of parents with depression (RR = 1.71; 95% CI: 0.19-15.16, P = .631). CONCLUSIONS: Offspring of parents with SMI are at increased risk for a range of psychiatric disorders and one third of them may develop a SMI by early adulthood.
Authors: Lynne Murray; Adriane Arteche; Pasco Fearon; Sarah Halligan; Ian Goodyer; Peter Cooper Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2011-04-05 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Kimberlie Dean; Hanne Stevens; Preben B Mortensen; Robin M Murray; Elizabeth Walsh; Carsten B Pedersen Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2010-08
Authors: Elena de la Serna; Inmaculada Baeza; Susana Andrés; Olga Puig; Vanessa Sánchez-Guistau; Soledad Romero; Miguel Bernardo; Dolores Moreno; Ana Noguera; Josefina Castro-Fornieles Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2011-07-07 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: C Laroche; R Sheiner; E Lester; C Benierakis; M Marrache; F Engelsmann; P Cheifetz Journal: Can J Psychiatry Date: 1987-10 Impact factor: 4.356
Authors: M Maziade; N Gingras; N Rouleau; S Poulin; V Jomphe; M-E Paradis; C Mérette; M-A Roy Journal: Acta Psychiatr Scand Date: 2007-11-19 Impact factor: 6.392
Authors: Antonella Trotta; Louise Arseneault; Avshalom Caspi; Terrie E Moffitt; Andrea Danese; Carmine Pariante; Helen L Fisher Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2020-02-26 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Anne Ranning; Michael E Benros; Anne A E Thorup; Kirstine Agnete Davidsen; Carsten Hjorthøj; Merete Nordentoft; Thomas Munk Laursen; Holger Sørensen Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2020-01-04 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Isabelle E Bauer; Marsal Sanches; Robert Suchting; Charles E Green; Nadia M El Fangary; Giovana B Zunta-Soares; Jair C Soares Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2014-09-10 Impact factor: 4.791
Authors: Max de Leeuw; Marc M Bohlken; René Cw Mandl; Manon Hj Hillegers; René S Kahn; Matthijs Vink Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2016-07-21 Impact factor: 7.853
Authors: Gisela Sugranyes; Elena de la Serna; Roger Borras; Vanessa Sanchez-Gistau; Jose C Pariente; Soledad Romero; Inmaculada Baeza; Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja; Elisa Rodriguez-Toscano; Carmen Moreno; Miguel Bernardo; Dolores Moreno; Eduard Vieta; Josefina Castro-Fornieles Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2017-10-21 Impact factor: 9.306