Time-resolved energy-momentum spectroscopy of electric and magnetic dipole transitions in Cr3+:MgO.

Due to the recent interest in magnetic light-matter interactions, the magnetic dipole (MD) transitions in lanthanide ions have been studied for potential applications in nano-optics. Similar to lanthanide ions, transition-metal ions also exhibit strong MD emission at room temperature, but their prominent MD zero-phonon lines are often accompanied by significant electric dipole (ED) sideband emission. Here, we extend energy-momentum spectroscopy to time-resolved measurements, and use this technique to quantify the ED and MD contributions to light emission from trivalent chromium doped magnesium oxide (Cr(3+):MgO). This allows us to differentiate the MD (2)E → (4)A2 zero-phonon line from phonon-assisted (2)E → (4)A2 and (4)T2 → (4)A2 ED sidebands. We also demonstrate how the relative intensities of the sharp MD zero-phonon line and the broad ED sidebands can be used as a qualitative measure of the MD and ED local density of optical states.