| Literature DB >> 23858327 |
Hanne F Harbo1, Ralf Gold, Mar Tintoré.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is universally found to be more prevalent in women than men. This has led to extensive studies of differences in the immune system or nervous system between women and men, which might be caused by the effects of gonadal hormones, genetic differences, and different environmental exposures and modern lifestyle in men and women. We review the effects of sex and gender from a genetic, immunological and clinical point of view. We discuss the effects of sex on the clinical expression of MS and responses to therapy, as well as issues concerning pregnancy.Entities:
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; female; genes; immunology; pregnancy; sex
Year: 2013 PMID: 23858327 PMCID: PMC3707353 DOI: 10.1177/1756285613488434
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Ther Adv Neurol Disord ISSN: 1756-2856 Impact factor: 6.570