Yukawa-Field Approximation of Electrostatic Free Energy and Dielectric Boundary Force.

A Yukawa-field approximation of the electrostatic free energy of a molecular solvation system with an implicit or continuum solvent is constructed. It is argued through the analysis of model molecular systems with spherically symmetric geometries that such an approximation is rational. The construction extends non-trivially that of the Coulomb-field approximation which serves as a basis of the widely used generalized Born model of molecular electrostatics. The electrostatic free energy determines the dielectric boundary force that in turn influences crucially the molecular conformation, stability, and dynamics. An explicit formula of such forces with the Yukawa-field approximation is obtained using local coordinates and shape differentiation.