Antibacterial activity of head-to-head bis-benzimidazoles.

Symmetric bis-benzimidazole (BBZ) conjugates were profiled for activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. para-Substituted ethoxy, amino and methoxy derivatives displayed potent bacteriostatic activity against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, streptococci and Listeria monocytogenes. Moderate to good activity was also found against mycobacteria; two compounds were strongly active against logarithmic phase and hypoxia-induced latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. No compound displayed significant activity towards Gram-negative bacteria. Only high concentrations of antibacterial BBZs showed cytotoxic effects towards fibroblasts, and the most active compound was well tolerated by zebrafish embryos.