The discriminatory power of ribotyping as automatable technique for differentiation of bacteria.

Since the introduction of ribonucleic acid gene restriction patterns as taxonomic tools in 1986, ribotyping has become an established method for systematics, epidemiological, ecological and population studies of microorganisms. In the last 25 years, several modifications have improved the convenience, reproducibility and turn-around time of this technique. The technological development culminated in the automation of ribotyping which allowed for high-throughput applications e.g. in the quality control of food production, pharmaceutical industry and culture collections. The capability of the fully automated RiboPrinter(®) System for the differentiation of bacteria below the species level is compared with the discriminatory power of traditional ribotyping, of molecular fingerprint techniques like PFGE, MLST and MLVA as well as of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. While automated RiboPrinting is advantageous with respect to standardization, ease and speed, PCR ribotyping has proved being a highly discriminatory, flexible, robust and cost-efficient routine technique which makes inter-laboratory comparison and build of ribotype databases possible, too.