BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) and smoking-related morbidity disproportionately burdens African American (AA) men. Smoking is associated with high-grade PCa and incidence, but few studies have focused on AA men. This study aims to determine the effect of tobacco-use on odds of PCa and of high-grade PCa in a population of predominantly AA men. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating smoking and PCa status in men with incident PCa and screened healthy controls. Altogether, 1,085 men (527 cases and 558 controls), age ≥ 40 years were enrolled through outpatient urology clinics in two US cities from 2001 to 2012. Validated questionnaires were used to gather clinical and socioeconomic data. RESULTS: The cases and controls were predominantly AA (79.9% and 71.3%, respectively, P = 0.01). AA men smoked more frequently (53.4% vs. 47.9%, P < 0.001) and quit less frequently than European American (EA) men (31.5% vs. 40.4%, P = 0.01). AA heavy smokers had increased odds of PCa diagnosis (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.09, 6.10) and high-grade cancer (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.03, 3.48) relative to never smokers and light smokers. Among AAs, heavy smokers had lower odds of NCCN low PCa recurrence risk stratification. AA former smokers had a trend for increased odds of high-grade cancer compared to never smokers. The associations between smokings, cancer diagnosis and cancer grade did not reach statistical significance in EA men. CONCLUSION: We found ethnic differences in smoking behavior. Heavy smoking is associated with increased odds of PCa and of higher Gleason grade in AA men.
BACKGROUND:Prostate cancer (PCa) and smoking-related morbidity disproportionately burdens African American (AA) men. Smoking is associated with high-grade PCa and incidence, but few studies have focused on AA men. This study aims to determine the effect of tobacco-use on odds of PCa and of high-grade PCa in a population of predominantly AA men. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating smoking and PCa status in men with incident PCa and screened healthy controls. Altogether, 1,085 men (527 cases and 558 controls), age ≥ 40 years were enrolled through outpatient urology clinics in two US cities from 2001 to 2012. Validated questionnaires were used to gather clinical and socioeconomic data. RESULTS: The cases and controls were predominantly AA (79.9% and 71.3%, respectively, P = 0.01). AA men smoked more frequently (53.4% vs. 47.9%, P < 0.001) and quit less frequently than European American (EA) men (31.5% vs. 40.4%, P = 0.01). AA heavy smokers had increased odds of PCa diagnosis (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.09, 6.10) and high-grade cancer (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.03, 3.48) relative to never smokers and light smokers. Among AAs, heavy smokers had lower odds of NCCN low PCa recurrence risk stratification. AA former smokers had a trend for increased odds of high-grade cancer compared to never smokers. The associations between smokings, cancer diagnosis and cancer grade did not reach statistical significance in EA men. CONCLUSION: We found ethnic differences in smoking behavior. Heavy smoking is associated with increased odds of PCa and of higher Gleason grade in AA men.
Authors: Steven D Stellman; Yu Chen; Joshua E Muscat; Mirjana V Djordjevic; John P Richie; Philip Lazarus; Seth Thompson; Nasser Altorki; Marianne Berwick; Marc L Citron; Susan Harlap; Tajinder B Kaur; Alfred I Neugut; Sara Olson; John M Travaline; Philip Witorsch; Zuo-Feng Zhang Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2003-04 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Arnold H Levinson; Eliseo J Pérez-Stable; Paula Espinoza; Estevan T Flores; Tim E Byers Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2004-02 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: L E Wagenknecht; G R Cutter; N J Haley; S Sidney; T A Manolio; G H Hughes; D R Jacobs Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 1990-09 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Kathryn B Arnold; John A Hermos; Karen B Anderson; Lori Minasian; Catherine M Tangen; Jeffrey F Probstfield; Elise D Cook Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2014-09-21 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Marianne Schmid; Quoc-Dien Trinh; Markus Graefen; Margit Fisch; Felix K Chun; Jens Hansen Journal: World J Urol Date: 2014-05-14 Impact factor: 4.226
Authors: Dominik D Alexander; Julie K Bassett; Douglas L Weed; Erin Cernkovich Barrett; Heather Watson; William Harris Journal: Nutr Cancer Date: 2015-03-31 Impact factor: 2.900
Authors: Ahva Shahabi; Román Corral; Chelsea Catsburg; Amit D Joshi; Andre Kim; Juan Pablo Lewinger; Jocelyn Koo; Esther M John; Sue A Ingles; Mariana C Stern Journal: Cancer Med Date: 2014-10-30 Impact factor: 4.452
Authors: Dominik D Alexander; Xiaohui Jiang; Lauren C Bylsma; David H Garabrant; Sarah R Irvin; Jon P Fryzek Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2014-12-22 Impact factor: 2.692