Nádia L Silva1, Ricardo B Oliveira2, Steven J Fleck3, Antonio C M P Leon4, Paulo Farinatti5. 1. Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; Physical Activity and Sports Department, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Brazil; Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Brazil. 2. Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Brazil. 3. Health, Exercise Science & Sport Management, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, USA. 4. Social Medicine Institute, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. 5. Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Brazil. Electronic address: farinatt@uerj.br.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The importance of strength training to elderly individuals is well established. However, the dose-response relationship of the benefits of strength training in this population is unclear. The purpose of the study was to use meta-analysis to investigate the dose-response of the effects of strength training in elderly individuals. DESIGN: Fifteen studies with a total of 84 effect-sizes were included. The analyses examined the dose-response relationships of the following training variables 'intensity', 'number of sets', 'weekly frequency', and 'training duration' on strength improvement. METHODS: The studies selected met the following inclusion criteria: (a) randomized controlled trials; (b) trained healthy subjects of both genders; (c) trained subjects aged 55 years or older; (d) strength increases were determined pre- and post-training; (e) use of similar strength evaluation techniques (strength determined by a repetition maximum test) and training routine (dynamic concentric-eccentric knee extension exercise to train the quadriceps muscle group). The effect-sizes were calculated using fixed and random effect models with the main effects determined by meta-regression. RESULTS: Many combinations of training variables resulted in strength increases. However meta-regression indicated only "training duration" had a significant dose-response relationship to strength gains (p=0.001). Over durations of 8-52 weeks, longer training durations had a greater effect on strength gains compared to shorter duration protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Resistive training causes strength gains in elderly individuals, provided the training duration is sufficiently long, regardless of the combination of other training variables.
OBJECTIVES: The importance of strength training to elderly individuals is well established. However, the dose-response relationship of the benefits of strength training in this population is unclear. The purpose of the study was to use meta-analysis to investigate the dose-response of the effects of strength training in elderly individuals. DESIGN: Fifteen studies with a total of 84 effect-sizes were included. The analyses examined the dose-response relationships of the following training variables 'intensity', 'number of sets', 'weekly frequency', and 'training duration' on strength improvement. METHODS: The studies selected met the following inclusion criteria: (a) randomized controlled trials; (b) trained healthy subjects of both genders; (c) trained subjects aged 55 years or older; (d) strength increases were determined pre- and post-training; (e) use of similar strength evaluation techniques (strength determined by a repetition maximum test) and training routine (dynamic concentric-eccentric knee extension exercise to train the quadriceps muscle group). The effect-sizes were calculated using fixed and random effect models with the main effects determined by meta-regression. RESULTS: Many combinations of training variables resulted in strength increases. However meta-regression indicated only "training duration" had a significant dose-response relationship to strength gains (p=0.001). Over durations of 8-52 weeks, longer training durations had a greater effect on strength gains compared to shorter duration protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Resistive training causes strength gains in elderly individuals, provided the training duration is sufficiently long, regardless of the combination of other training variables.
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