Pathophysiology I: the kidney and the sympathetic nervous system.

Recently, catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) has become available. In order to understand better the possible role of RDN as a treatment modality, we first discuss the anatomy and function of the renal nerves in this brief review. Secondly, we address the question - what is the clinical evidence for the involvement of the kidneys and renal nerves in the pathogenesis of sympathetic hyperactivity. Finally, we will discuss how this sympathetic hyperactivity can be reduced, specifically addressing the possible role of RDN.