OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether different antiseptic mouthrinses show different penetration kinetics into Streptococcus mutans biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biofilms, grown on glass-based dishes, were exposed to one of four mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine digluconate, essential oil, cetylpyridinium chloride, or isopropylmethylphenol. Then, penetration velocities were determined by monitoring fluorescence loss of calcein AM-stained biofilms with time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bactericidal activity was assessed with fluorescent bacterial viable cell (Live/Dead) staining and viable cell counts. Bacterial detachment after the mouthrinse exposure was determined by measuring fluorescence reduction of SYTO9-stained biofilms. RESULTS: The essential oil-containing mouthrinse showed significantly faster penetration velocity than the other mouthrinses (ANCOVA and Bonferroni test, p < 0.05). However, even 5 min of exposure left the biofilm structure almost intact. After 30 s (consumer rinsing time) of exposure, the essential oil-containing mouthrinse showed the highest log reduction of viable cells (2.7 log CFU) measured by Live/Dead staining, and the mean reduction of total viable cells was 1.41 log CFU measured by viable cell count. CONCLUSIONS: The essential oil-containing mouthrinse showed the best penetration. Within 30 s of exposure, however, no mouthrinses injured all the microorganisms and all mouthrinses left the biofilm structure nearly intact. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mouthrinses tested showed different levels of biofilm penetration. The essential oil rinse was superior to other rinses by all three of the in vitro measurements performed.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether different antiseptic mouthrinses show different penetration kinetics into Streptococcus mutans biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biofilms, grown on glass-based dishes, were exposed to one of four mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine digluconate, essential oil, cetylpyridinium chloride, or isopropylmethylphenol. Then, penetration velocities were determined by monitoring fluorescence loss of calcein AM-stained biofilms with time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bactericidal activity was assessed with fluorescent bacterial viable cell (Live/Dead) staining and viable cell counts. Bacterial detachment after the mouthrinse exposure was determined by measuring fluorescence reduction of SYTO9-stained biofilms. RESULTS: The essential oil-containing mouthrinse showed significantly faster penetration velocity than the other mouthrinses (ANCOVA and Bonferroni test, p < 0.05). However, even 5 min of exposure left the biofilm structure almost intact. After 30 s (consumer rinsing time) of exposure, the essential oil-containing mouthrinse showed the highest log reduction of viable cells (2.7 log CFU) measured by Live/Dead staining, and the mean reduction of total viable cells was 1.41 log CFU measured by viable cell count. CONCLUSIONS: The essential oil-containing mouthrinse showed the best penetration. Within 30 s of exposure, however, no mouthrinses injured all the microorganisms and all mouthrinses left the biofilm structure nearly intact. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mouthrinses tested showed different levels of biofilm penetration. The essential oil rinse was superior to other rinses by all three of the in vitro measurements performed.
Authors: Suriani Abdul Rani; Betsey Pitts; Haluk Beyenal; Raaja Angathevar Veluchamy; Zbigniew Lewandowski; William M Davison; Kelli Buckingham-Meyer; Philip S Stewart Journal: J Bacteriol Date: 2007-03-02 Impact factor: 3.490
Authors: J P Biggerstaff; M Le Puil; B L Weidow; J Prater; K Glass; M Radosevich; D C White Journal: Mol Cell Probes Date: 2006-02-14 Impact factor: 2.365
Authors: Danica J Walsh; Tom Livinghouse; Greg M Durling; Adrienne D Arnold; Whitney Brasier; Luke Berry; Darla M Goeres; Philip S Stewart Journal: Chem Biol Drug Des Date: 2020-09-22 Impact factor: 2.817