BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical guidelines recommend a diet low in sodium and high in potassium to reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular events. Little is known about the relationship between dietary sodium and potassium intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: 13,917 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2006) were examined. Sodium and potassium intake were calculated from 24-hour recall and evaluated in quartiles. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) or eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) with albuminuria (>30 mg/g creatinine). RESULTS: The mean (SE) age and eGFR of participants were 45.0 ± 0.4 years and 88.0 ± 0.60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively. 2,333 (14.2%) had CKD: 1,146 (7.3%) had an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and 1,514 (8.4%) had an eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria. After adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and congestive heart failure, subjects in the highest quartile of sodium intake had lower odds of CKD compared to subjects in the lowest quartile (adjusted OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66-0.96; p < 0.016). Compared to the highest quartile, the odds of CKD increased 44% for participants in the lowest quartile of potassium intake (adjusted OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.16-1.79; p = 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of sodium and potassium is associated with lower odds of CKD among US adults. These results should be corroborated through longitudinal studies and clinical trials designed specifically to examine the effects of dietary sodium and potassium intake on kidney disease and its progression.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical guidelines recommend a diet low in sodium and high in potassium to reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular events. Little is known about the relationship between dietary sodium and potassium intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: 13,917 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2006) were examined. Sodium and potassium intake were calculated from 24-hour recall and evaluated in quartiles. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) or eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) with albuminuria (>30 mg/g creatinine). RESULTS: The mean (SE) age and eGFR of participants were 45.0 ± 0.4 years and 88.0 ± 0.60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively. 2,333 (14.2%) had CKD: 1,146 (7.3%) had an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and 1,514 (8.4%) had an eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria. After adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and congestive heart failure, subjects in the highest quartile of sodium intake had lower odds of CKD compared to subjects in the lowest quartile (adjusted OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66-0.96; p < 0.016). Compared to the highest quartile, the odds of CKD increased 44% for participants in the lowest quartile of potassium intake (adjusted OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.16-1.79; p = 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of sodium and potassium is associated with lower odds of CKD among US adults. These results should be corroborated through longitudinal studies and clinical trials designed specifically to examine the effects of dietary sodium and potassium intake on kidney disease and its progression.
Authors: E J Lewis; L G Hunsicker; W R Clarke; T Berl; M A Pohl; J B Lewis; E Ritz; R C Atkins; R Rohde; I Raz Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2001-09-20 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Ali H Mokdad; Earl S Ford; Barbara A Bowman; William H Dietz; Frank Vinicor; Virginia S Bales; James S Marks Journal: JAMA Date: 2003-01-01 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Hiddo J Lambers Heerspink; Frank A Holtkamp; Hans-Henrik Parving; Gerjan J Navis; Julia B Lewis; Eberhard Ritz; Pieter A de Graeff; Dick de Zeeuw Journal: Kidney Int Date: 2012-03-21 Impact factor: 10.612
Authors: Matthias Barton; Ingrid Vos; Sidney Shaw; Peter Boer; Livius V D'Uscio; Hermann-Josef Gröne; Ton J Rabelink; Thomas Lattmann; Pierre Moreau; Thomas F Lüscher Journal: J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2000-05 Impact factor: 10.121
Authors: Chagriya Kitiyakara; Tina Chabrashvili; Yifan Chen; Jonathan Blau; Alex Karber; Shakil Aslam; William J Welch; Christopher S Wilcox Journal: J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2003-11 Impact factor: 10.121
Authors: Shumei Meng; L Jackson Roberts; Garrick W Cason; Travis S Curry; R Davis Manning Journal: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 3.619
Authors: Amanda K Leonberg-Yoo; Hocine Tighiouart; Andrew S Levey; Gerald J Beck; Mark J Sarnak Journal: Am J Kidney Dis Date: 2016-05-24 Impact factor: 8.860
Authors: Andrea J Lobene; Elizabeth R Stremke; George P McCabe; Sharon M Moe; Ranjani N Moorthi; Kathleen M Hill Gallant Journal: J Ren Nutr Date: 2020-12-09 Impact factor: 3.655
Authors: Tali Elfassy; Lanyu Zhang; Leopoldo Raij; Kirstin Bibbins-Domingo; Cora E Lewis; Norrina Bai Allen; Kiang J Liu; Carmen A Peralta; Michelle C Odden; Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri Journal: Kidney Int Date: 2020-04-21 Impact factor: 18.998
Authors: Olena Andrukhova; Svetlana Slavic; Alina Smorodchenko; Ute Zeitz; Victoria Shalhoub; Beate Lanske; Elena E Pohl; Reinhold G Erben Journal: EMBO Mol Med Date: 2014-04-06 Impact factor: 12.137