Todd H Driver1, Rebecca Scherzer, Carmen A Peralta, Phyllis C Tien, Michelle M Estrella, Chirag R Parikh, Anthony W Butch, Kathryn Anastos, Mardge H Cohen, Marek Nowicki, Anjali Sharma, Mary A Young, Alison Abraham, Michael G Shlipak. 1. aSchool of Medicine bDepartment of Medicine cDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California dDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland eSection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine fProgram of Applied Translational Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut gClinical Immunology Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California hDepartments of Medicine and of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York iDepartments of Medicine, Stroger Hospital and Rush University, Chicago, Illinois jUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California kDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York lGeorgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cystatin C could improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification in HIV-infected women relative to serum creatinine. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS: Cystatin C and creatinine were measured from specimens taken and stored during the 1999-2000 examination among 908 HIV-infected participants in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS). Mean follow-up was 10.2 years. Predictors of differential glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates were evaluated with multivariable linear regression. The associations of baseline categories (<60, 60-90, and >90 ml/min per 1.73 m) of creatinine estimated GFR (eGFRcr), cystatin C eGFR (eGFRcys), and combined creatinine-cystatin C eGFR (eGFRcr-cys) with all-cause mortality were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression. The net reclassification index (NRI) was calculated to evaluate the effect of cystatin C on reclassification of CKD staging. RESULTS: CKD risk factors were associated with lower eGFRcys and eGFRcr-cys values compared with eGFRcr. Relative to eGFR more than 90, the eGFR less than 60 category by eGFRcys (Adjusted hazard ratio: 2.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.63-4.02), eGFRcr-cys (3.11; 1.94-5.00), and eGFRcr (2.34; 1.44-3.79) was associated with increased mortality risk. However, the eGFR 60-90 category was associated with increased mortality risk for eGFRcys (1.80; 1.28-2.53) and eGFRcr-cys (1.91; 1.38-2.66) but not eGFRcr (1.20; 0.85-1.67). The overall NRI for mortality was 26% when reclassifying from eGFRcr to eGFRcys (P < 0.001) and was 20% when reclassifying from eGFRcr to eGFRcr-cys (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The addition of cystatin C may improve mortality risk prediction by stages of kidney function relative to creatinine. CKD risk factors are associated with an overestimate of GFR by serum creatinine relative to cystatin C.
BACKGROUND:Cystatin C could improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification in HIV-infectedwomen relative to serum creatinine. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS:Cystatin C and creatinine were measured from specimens taken and stored during the 1999-2000 examination among 908 HIV-infectedparticipants in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS). Mean follow-up was 10.2 years. Predictors of differential glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates were evaluated with multivariable linear regression. The associations of baseline categories (<60, 60-90, and >90 ml/min per 1.73 m) of creatinine estimated GFR (eGFRcr), cystatin C eGFR (eGFRcys), and combined creatinine-cystatin C eGFR (eGFRcr-cys) with all-cause mortality were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression. The net reclassification index (NRI) was calculated to evaluate the effect of cystatin C on reclassification of CKD staging. RESULTS: CKD risk factors were associated with lower eGFRcys and eGFRcr-cys values compared with eGFRcr. Relative to eGFR more than 90, the eGFR less than 60 category by eGFRcys (Adjusted hazard ratio: 2.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.63-4.02), eGFRcr-cys (3.11; 1.94-5.00), and eGFRcr (2.34; 1.44-3.79) was associated with increased mortality risk. However, the eGFR 60-90 category was associated with increased mortality risk for eGFRcys (1.80; 1.28-2.53) and eGFRcr-cys (1.91; 1.38-2.66) but not eGFRcr (1.20; 0.85-1.67). The overall NRI for mortality was 26% when reclassifying from eGFRcr to eGFRcys (P < 0.001) and was 20% when reclassifying from eGFRcr to eGFRcr-cys (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The addition of cystatin C may improve mortality risk prediction by stages of kidney function relative to creatinine. CKD risk factors are associated with an overestimate of GFR by serum creatinine relative to cystatin C.
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