How can heart failure patients and their partners be counseled on sexual activity?

Sexual intimacy is part of a healthy relationship and is often reflected in overall quality of life and satisfaction. There are many psychological, physical, and medical components that influence sexual activity in heart failure (HF), and patients and partners alike often have sexual concerns and misconceptions. This article addresses what is known about sexual concerns and sexual dysfunction from a variety of perspectives, and provides guidance for health care providers on the essential elements of sexual counseling for those with HF.