Screening for a remote history of mild traumatic brain injury: when a good idea is bad.

BACKGROUND: Both the Departments of Defense and Veterans Health Administration have developed and implemented screening procedures for identification of possible deployment-related traumatic brain injury (TBI).
OBJECTIVE: To review population-based screening procedures for TBI, particularly mild TBIs, and discuss potential harms/costs versus benefits of such TBI screening.
METHODS: The principles commonly used in population-based screening for various medical conditions are identified. These principles are applied to screening for TBI. The potential harms and costs are compared with potential benefits of screening for mild TBI.
RESULTS: The core conditions essential for beneficial medical screening-progressive disease, symptoms related to the identified disease, suitable tests or examinations for accurate diagnosis, and accepted and effective treatment-are not present within the context of TBI screening. Potential harms/costs outweigh any potential benefits of population-based screening for TBI.
CONCLUSION: On the basis of generally accepted medical screening principles and assumptions, population screening for mild TBI is unnecessary at best and potentially harmful at worst. Because nonspecific, postconcussion-like symptoms can be effectively treated in a symptom-specific manner, tying them to concussion through a screening and evaluation process is wasteful and potentially harmful.