OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether a single hypothesized latent factor structure would characterize cognitive functioning in three distinct groups. METHODS: We assessed 576 adults (340 community controls, 126 adults with bipolar disorder, and 110 adults with schizophrenia) using 15 measures derived from nine cognitive tests. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the fit of a hypothesized six-factor model. The hypothesized factors included attention, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, visual memory, ideational fluency, and executive functioning. RESULTS: The six-factor model provided an excellent fit for all three groups [for community controls, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) <0.048 and comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99; for adults with bipolar disorder, RMSEA = 0.071 and CFI = 0.99; and for adults with schizophrenia, RMSEA = 0.06 and CFI = 0.98]. Alternate models that combined fluency with processing speed or verbal and visual memory reduced the goodness of fit. Multi-group CFA results supported factor invariance across the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single six-factor structure of cognitive functioning among patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and community controls. While the three groups clearly differ in level of performance, they share a common underlying architecture of information processing abilities. These cognitive factors could provide useful targets for clinical trials of treatments that aim to enhance information processing in persons with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether a single hypothesized latent factor structure would characterize cognitive functioning in three distinct groups. METHODS: We assessed 576 adults (340 community controls, 126 adults with bipolar disorder, and 110 adults with schizophrenia) using 15 measures derived from nine cognitive tests. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the fit of a hypothesized six-factor model. The hypothesized factors included attention, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, visual memory, ideational fluency, and executive functioning. RESULTS: The six-factor model provided an excellent fit for all three groups [for community controls, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) <0.048 and comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99; for adults with bipolar disorder, RMSEA = 0.071 and CFI = 0.99; and for adults with schizophrenia, RMSEA = 0.06 and CFI = 0.98]. Alternate models that combined fluency with processing speed or verbal and visual memory reduced the goodness of fit. Multi-group CFA results supported factor invariance across the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single six-factor structure of cognitive functioning among patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and community controls. While the three groups clearly differ in level of performance, they share a common underlying architecture of information processing abilities. These cognitive factors could provide useful targets for clinical trials of treatments that aim to enhance information processing in persons with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Authors: Julie Akiko Gladsjo; Lou Ann McAdams; Barton W Palmer; David J Moore; Dilip V Jeste; Robert K Heaton Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2004 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Keith H Nuechterlein; Deanna M Barch; James M Gold; Terry E Goldberg; Michael F Green; Robert K Heaton Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2004-12-15 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: D V Sheehan; Y Lecrubier; K H Sheehan; P Amorim; J Janavs; E Weiller; T Hergueta; R Baker; G C Dunbar Journal: J Clin Psychiatry Date: 1998 Impact factor: 4.384
Authors: J I Nurnberger; M C Blehar; C A Kaufmann; C York-Cooler; S G Simpson; J Harkavy-Friedman; J B Severe; D Malaspina; T Reich Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 1994-11
Authors: J Cobb Scott; Georg E Matt; Kristen M Wrocklage; Cassandra Crnich; Jessica Jordan; Steven M Southwick; John H Krystal; Brian C Schweinsburg Journal: Psychol Bull Date: 2014-11-03 Impact factor: 17.737
Authors: Philip D Harvey; Mihaela Aslan; Mengtian Du; Hongyu Zhao; Larry J Siever; Ann Pulver; J Michael Gaziano; John Concato Journal: Neuropsychology Date: 2016-01 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Bernd R Förstner; Mira Tschorn; Nicolas Reinoso-Schiller; Lea Mascarell Maričić; Erik Röcher; Janos L Kalman; Sanna Stroth; Annalina V Mayer; Kristina Schwarz; Anna Kaiser; Andrea Pfennig; André Manook; Marcus Ising; Ingmar Heinig; Andre Pittig; Andreas Heinz; Klaus Mathiak; Thomas G Schulze; Frank Schneider; Inge Kamp-Becker; Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg; Frank Padberg; Tobias Banaschewski; Michael Bauer; Rainer Rupprecht; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen; Michael A Rapp Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2022-07-01 Impact factor: 5.270
Authors: A McCleery; M F Green; G S Hellemann; L E Baade; J M Gold; R S E Keefe; R S Kern; R I Mesholam-Gately; L J Seidman; K L Subotnik; J Ventura; K H Nuechterlein Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2015-04-28 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: Paul G Unschuld; Alison S Buchholz; Mark Varvaris; Peter C M van Zijl; Christopher A Ross; James J Pekar; Christoph Hock; John A Sweeney; Carol A Tamminga; Matcheri S Keshavan; Godfrey D Pearlson; Gunvant K Thaker; David J Schretlen Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2013-06-18 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Y Horiuchi; M A Kondo; K Okada; Y Takayanagi; T Tanaka; T Ho; M Varvaris; K Tajinda; H Hiyama; K Ni; C Colantuoni; D Schretlen; N G Cascella; J Pevsner; K Ishizuka; A Sawa Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2016-10-11 Impact factor: 6.222
Authors: L G Nucifora; T Tanaka; L N Hayes; M Kim; B J Lee; T Matsuda; F C Nucifora; T Sedlak; R Mojtabai; W Eaton; A Sawa Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2017-08-22 Impact factor: 6.222