OBJECTIVE: Obesity-related immune mediated systemic inflammation was associated with the development of the metabolic syndrome by induction of the tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) pathway. The study aimed to assess whether this holds true across the lifespan from juvenility to adulthood. DESIGN AND METHODS: Five hundred twenty-seven participants aged between 10 and 65 years were analyzed. Standard anthropometric measures, carotid ultrasound, and laboratory analysis including interleukin-6, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, lipids, glucose metabolism, neopterin, TRP, KYN levels, and the KYN/TRP ratio were performed. RESULTS: Overweight/obese (ow/ob) adults had significantly increased KYN serum levels and a significantly increased KYN/TRP ratio. In sharp contrast, ow/ob juvenile males aged ≤18 years showed decreased, females similar KYN and KYN/TRP ratio in comparison to their control counterparts. Also, adult ow/ob subjects with metabolic syndrome showed markedly increased KYN/TRP ratios contrary to decreased KYN/TRP ratios in ow/ob juveniles. Abdominal fat content, characterized by age normalized waist circumference, and not body mass index, had the strongest effect for an increase of the KYN/TRP ratio in adults. CONCLUSIONS: TRP metabolism and obesity-related immune mediated inflammation differs markedly between juveniles and adults. While childhood obesity seems to be dominated by a Th2-driven activation, an accelerated production of Th1-type cytokines may pave the way for later atherosclerotic endpoints.
OBJECTIVE:Obesity-related immune mediated systemic inflammation was associated with the development of the metabolic syndrome by induction of the tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) pathway. The study aimed to assess whether this holds true across the lifespan from juvenility to adulthood. DESIGN AND METHODS: Five hundred twenty-seven participants aged between 10 and 65 years were analyzed. Standard anthropometric measures, carotid ultrasound, and laboratory analysis including interleukin-6, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, lipids, glucose metabolism, neopterin, TRP, KYN levels, and the KYN/TRP ratio were performed. RESULTS: Overweight/obese (ow/ob) adults had significantly increased KYN serum levels and a significantly increased KYN/TRP ratio. In sharp contrast, ow/ob juvenile males aged ≤18 years showed decreased, females similar KYN and KYN/TRP ratio in comparison to their control counterparts. Also, adult ow/ob subjects with metabolic syndrome showed markedly increased KYN/TRP ratios contrary to decreased KYN/TRP ratios in ow/ob juveniles. Abdominal fat content, characterized by age normalized waist circumference, and not body mass index, had the strongest effect for an increase of the KYN/TRP ratio in adults. CONCLUSIONS:TRP metabolism and obesity-related immune mediated inflammation differs markedly between juveniles and adults. While childhood obesity seems to be dominated by a Th2-driven activation, an accelerated production of Th1-type cytokines may pave the way for later atherosclerotic endpoints.
Authors: Marion Carayol; Michael F Leitzmann; Pietro Ferrari; Raul Zamora-Ros; David Achaintre; Magdalena Stepien; Julie A Schmidt; Ruth C Travis; Kim Overvad; Anne Tjønneland; Louise Hansen; Rudolf Kaaks; Tilman Kühn; Heiner Boeing; Ursula Bachlechner; Antonia Trichopoulou; Christina Bamia; Domenico Palli; Claudia Agnoli; Rosario Tumino; Paolo Vineis; Salvatore Panico; J Ramón Quirós; Emilio Sánchez-Cantalejo; José María Huerta; Eva Ardanaz; Larraitz Arriola; Antonio Agudo; Jan Nilsson; Olle Melander; Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Petra H Peeters; Nick Wareham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Mazda Jenab; Timothy J Key; Augustin Scalbert; Sabina Rinaldi Journal: J Proteome Res Date: 2017-08-11 Impact factor: 4.466
Authors: Marc A Meier; Manuel Ottiger; Alaadin Vögeli; Christian Steuer; Luca Bernasconi; Robert Thomann; Mirjam Christ-Crain; Christoph Henzen; Claus Hoess; Werner Zimmerli; Andreas Huber; Beat Mueller; Philipp Schuetz Journal: Lung Date: 2017-04-22 Impact factor: 2.584
Authors: Uttam K Raheja; Dietmar Fuchs; Ina Giegling; Lisa A Brenner; Sergio F Rovner; Iqra Mohyuddin; Daniel Weghuber; Harald Mangge; Dan Rujescu; Teodor T Postolache Journal: Pteridines Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 0.581
Authors: Gerwyn Morris; Michael Berk; Andre Carvalho; Javier R Caso; Yolanda Sanz; Ken Walder; Michael Maes Journal: Mol Neurobiol Date: 2016-06-27 Impact factor: 5.590