Directed neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells from non-human primates.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are important for the future development of regenerative medicine involving autologous cell therapy. Before autologous cell therapy can be applied to human patients, suitable animal models must be developed, and in this context non-human primate models are critical. We previously characterized several lines of marmoset iPS cells derived from newborn skin fibroblasts. In the present studies, we explored methods for the directed differentiation of marmoset iPS cells in the neuroectodermal lineage. In this process we used an iterative process in which combinations of small molecules and protein factors were tested for their effects on mRNA levels of genes that are markers for the neuroectodermal lineage. This iterative process identified combinations of chemicals/factors that substantially improved the degree of marker gene expression over the initially tested combinations. This approach should be generally valuable in the directed differentiation of pluripotent cells for experimental cell therapy.