Initial glenoid fixation using two different reverse shoulder designs with an equivalent center of rotation in a low-density and high-density bone substitute.

BACKGROUND: Numerous glenoid implant designs have been introduced into the global marketplace in recent years; however, little comparative biomechanical data exist to substantiate one design consideration over another.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study dynamically evaluated reverse shoulder glenoid baseplate fixation and compared the initial fixation associated with 2 reverse shoulder designs having an equivalent center of rotation in low-density and high-density bone substitute substrates.
RESULTS: Significant differences in fixation were observed between implant designs, where the circular-porous reverse shoulder was associated with approximately twice the micromotion per equivalent test than the oblong-grit-blasted design. Additionally, 6 of the 7 circular-porous reverse shoulders failed catastrophically in the low-density bone model at an average of 2603 ± 981 cycles. None of the oblong-grit-blasted designs failed in the low-or high-density bone models and none of the circular-porous designs failed in the high-density bone models after 10,000 cycles of loading.
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that significant differences in initial fixation exist between reverse shoulder implants having an equivalent center of rotation and suggest that design parameters, other than the position of the center of rotation, significantly affect fixation in low-density and high-density polyurethane bone substitutes. Subtle changes in glenoid baseplate design can dramatically affect fixation, particularly in low-density bone substitutes that are intended to simulate the bone quality of the recipient population for reverse shoulders.