Regulation of Oct1/Pou2f1 transcription activity by O-GlcNAcylation.

The Oct1 transcription factor is a potent regulator of stress responses, metabolism, and tumorigenicity. Although Oct1 is regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination, the presence and importance of other modifications is unknown. Here we show that Oct1 is modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties. We map two sites of O-GlcNAcylation at positions T255 and S728 within human Oct1. Under anchorage-independent overgrowth conditions, Oct1 associates 3-fold more strongly with the Gadd45a promoter and mediates transcriptional repression. Increased binding correlates with quantitative reductions in Oct1 nuclear periphery-associated puncta, and a reduced association with lamin B1. The O-GlcNAc modification sites are important for both Gadd45a repression and anchorage-independent survival. In contrast to chronic overgrowth conditions, following acute nutrient starvation Oct1 mediates Gadd45a activation. The O-GlcNAc sites are also important for Gadd45a activation under these conditions. We also, for the first time, identify specific Oct1 ubiquitination sites. The findings suggest that Oct1 integrates metabolic and stress signals via O-GlcNAc modification to regulate target gene activity.