Prison telemedicine and telehealth utilization in the United States: state and federal perceptions of benefits and barriers.

Although national justice and technology associations have endorsed the utilization of telemedicine and telehealth, little is known about the current utilization of this technology across our nation's correctional facilities. Several voluntary registries and state Web sites exist, but only limited information on telemedicine utilization may be gleaned from these. The purpose of the present study was to fill this void by reporting the utilization patterns in telemedicine programs in state and federal correctional facilities throughout the United States. Using telephone-administered interviews, data were collected from all 50 states. Respondents were asked about utilization, benefits, and barriers to the use of technology in healthcare in state and federal correctional facilities. Slightly over half of state correctional institutions and 39% of federal institutions are using some sort of telehealth or telemedicine applications. The most common benefits cited were improved security, personnel safety, costs savings, and access to specialists. The most common barriers cited were costs of technology, resistance from medical personnel, lack of staff technical expertise, and difficulties coordinating services.