BACKGROUND: Treatments for stroke and other brain injuries are limited. NeuroAiD has been shown to be beneficial in clinical studies. We reviewed the pharmacological effects of NeuroAiD on the normal and ischemic brain and neurons. METHODS: In vivo and in vitro experiments using mouse model of stroke (focal ischemia), rat model of cardiac arrest (global ischemia) and cortical neurons in culture were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: NeuroAiD improved survival, attenuated infarct size, improved functional recovery in the model of focal ischemia, and protected neurons against glutamate-induced injury. Furthermore, it enhanced cognitive recovery by reducing hippocampal CA1 cell degeneration, DNA fragmentation, Bax expression and ma-londialdehyde release in the model of global ischemia. Activation of the Akt survival pathway and opening of KATP channels may contribute to the neuroprotective properties of NeuroAiD. NeuroAiD increased BDNF expression and induced proliferation of cells which differentiate and mature into neurons. It enhanced rosette formation of human embryonic stem cells. NeuroAiD-treated embryonic cortical neurons developed into neurons with longer neurites, denser outgrowths and networks, and more synaptic release sites. CONCLUSIONS: NeuroAiD demonstrated both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in rodent models of focal and global ischemia and in cortical cell cultures. These properties would be important for developing a treatment strategy in reducing the long-term disability of stroke, cardiac arrest and other brain injuries.
BACKGROUND: Treatments for stroke and other brain injuries are limited. NeuroAiD has been shown to be beneficial in clinical studies. We reviewed the pharmacological effects of NeuroAiD on the normal and ischemic brain and neurons. METHODS: In vivo and in vitro experiments using mouse model of stroke (focal ischemia), rat model of cardiac arrest (global ischemia) and cortical neurons in culture were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: NeuroAiD improved survival, attenuated infarct size, improved functional recovery in the model of focal ischemia, and protected neurons against glutamate-induced injury. Furthermore, it enhanced cognitive recovery by reducing hippocampal CA1 cell degeneration, DNA fragmentation, Bax expression and ma-londialdehyde release in the model of global ischemia. Activation of the Akt survival pathway and opening of KATP channels may contribute to the neuroprotective properties of NeuroAiD. NeuroAiD increased BDNF expression and induced proliferation of cells which differentiate and mature into neurons. It enhanced rosette formation of human embryonic stem cells. NeuroAiD-treated embryonic cortical neurons developed into neurons with longer neurites, denser outgrowths and networks, and more synaptic release sites. CONCLUSIONS: NeuroAiD demonstrated both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in rodent models of focal and global ischemia and in cortical cell cultures. These properties would be important for developing a treatment strategy in reducing the long-term disability of stroke, cardiac arrest and other brain injuries.
Authors: Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Chun Fan Lee; Sherry H Young; San San Tay; Thirugnanam Umapathi; Annabelle Y Lao; Herminigildo H Gan; Alejandro C Baroque Ii; Jose C Navarro; Hui Meng Chang; Joel M Advincula; Sombat Muengtaweepongsa; Bernard P L Chan; Carlos L Chua; Nirmala Wijekoon; H Asita de Silva; John Harold B Hiyadan; Nijasri C Suwanwela; K S Lawrence Wong; Niphon Poungvarin; Gaik Bee Eow; Christopher L H Chen Journal: Cerebrovasc Dis Date: 2016-11-15 Impact factor: 2.762
Authors: Nijasri C Suwanwela; Christopher L H Chen; Chun Fan Lee; Sherry H Young; San San Tay; Thirugnanam Umapathi; Annabelle Y Lao; Herminigildo H Gan; Alejandro C Baroque Ii; Jose C Navarro; Hui Meng Chang; Joel M Advincula; Sombat Muengtaweepongsa; Bernard P L Chan; Carlos L Chua; Nirmala Wijekoon; H Asita de Silva; John Harold B Hiyadan; Ka Sing Lawrence Wong; Niphon Poungvarin; Gaik Bee Eow; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian Journal: Cerebrovasc Dis Date: 2018-09-05 Impact factor: 2.762
Authors: Ramesh Kumar; Ohnmar Htwe; Azmi Baharudin; Mohammad Hisam Ariffin; Shaharuddin Abdul Rhani; Kamalnizat Ibrahim; Aishah Rustam; Robert Gan Journal: JMIR Res Protoc Date: 2016-12-05