SCOPE: Vitamin E is present in feed and food mainly as d-α-tocopherol (d-α-TOL) but also as all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (rac-α-TAC) through supplementation. Its absorption efficiency is low compared to that of triacylglycerols. The aim of this work was thus to study the fate of TAC during digestion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using an in vitro digestion model, we showed that TAC was distributed between mixed micelles (36%), liposomes (9%), and nonsolubilized food debris (52%). A significant fraction of TAC was also found in emulsions when fat hydrolysis was not complete. Among the candidate esterases tested, i.e. cholesteryl ester hydrolase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2, only cholesteryl ester hydrolase was able to hydrolyze TAC to all-rac-α-TOL, about five times more efficiently when it was incorporated into mixed micelles or liposomes than into emulsions or in the food matrix. Caco-2 cells were able to hydrolyze TAC and to uptake TOL when TAC was incorporated into mixed micelles but not into emulsions. CONCLUSION: During digestion, most TAC is recovered in matrices where its hydrolysis and its uptake by intestinal cells are markedly less efficient than in mixed micelles.
SCOPE: Vitamin E is present in feed and food mainly as d-α-tocopherol (d-α-TOL) but also as all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (rac-α-TAC) through supplementation. Its absorption efficiency is low compared to that of triacylglycerols. The aim of this work was thus to study the fate of TAC during digestion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using an in vitro digestion model, we showed that TAC was distributed between mixed micelles (36%), liposomes (9%), and nonsolubilized food debris (52%). A significant fraction of TAC was also found in emulsions when fat hydrolysis was not complete. Among the candidate esterases tested, i.e. cholesteryl ester hydrolase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2, only cholesteryl ester hydrolase was able to hydrolyze TAC to all-rac-α-TOL, about five times more efficiently when it was incorporated into mixed micelles or liposomes than into emulsions or in the food matrix. Caco-2 cells were able to hydrolyze TAC and to uptake TOL when TAC was incorporated into mixed micelles but not into emulsions. CONCLUSION: During digestion, most TAC is recovered in matrices where its hydrolysis and its uptake by intestinal cells are markedly less efficient than in mixed micelles.
Authors: Benjamin C Blount; Mateusz P Karwowski; Peter G Shields; Maria Morel-Espinosa; Liza Valentin-Blasini; Michael Gardner; Martha Braselton; Christina R Brosius; Kevin T Caron; David Chambers; Joseph Corstvet; Elizabeth Cowan; Víctor R De Jesús; Paul Espinosa; Carolina Fernandez; Cory Holder; Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik; Jennifer D Kusovschi; Cody Newman; Gregory B Reis; Jon Rees; Chris Reese; Lalith Silva; Tiffany Seyler; Min-Ae Song; Connie Sosnoff; Carleen R Spitzer; Denise Tevis; Lanqing Wang; Cliff Watson; Mark D Wewers; Baoyun Xia; Douglas T Heitkemper; Isaac Ghinai; Jennifer Layden; Peter Briss; Brian A King; Lisa J Delaney; Christopher M Jones; Grant T Baldwin; Anita Patel; Dana Meaney-Delman; Dale Rose; Vikram Krishnasamy; John R Barr; Jerry Thomas; James L Pirkle Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2019-12-20 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Maria Morel Espinosa; Benjamin C Blount; Liza Valentin-Blasini Journal: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci Date: 2021-02-27 Impact factor: 3.205
Authors: Henrik M Roager; Karolina Sulek; Kasper Skov; Henrik L Frandsen; Jørn Smedsgaard; Andrea Wilcks; Thomas H Skov; Silas G Villas-Boas; Tine R Licht Journal: Gut Microbes Date: 2014-04-09