Prospecting for Live Cell BioImaging Probes With Cheminformatic Assisted Image Arrays (CAIA).

High-throughput microscopic screening instruments can generate huge collections of images of live cells incubated with combinatorial libraries of fluorescent molecules. Organizing and visualizing these images to discern biologically important patterns that link back to chemical structure is a challenge. We present an analysis and visualization methodology - Cheminformatic Assisted Image Array (CAIA) - that greatly facilitates data mining efforts. For illustration, we considered a collection of microscopic images acquired from cells incubated with each member of a combinatorial library of styryl molecules being screened for candidate bioimaging probes. By sorting CAIAs based on quantitative image features, the relative contribution of each combinatorial building block on probe intracellular distribution could be visually discerned. The results revealed trends hidden in the dataset: most interestingly, the building blocks of the styryl molecules appeared to behave as chemical address tags, additively and independently encoding spatial patterns of intracellular fluorescence. Translated into practice, CAIA facilitated discovery of several outstanding styryl molecules for live cell nuclear imaging applications.