Loop-mediated isothermal amplification test for the molecular diagnosis of malaria.

Malaria is one of the most important infectious tropical diseases. Rapid and accurate diagnostics are the basis of therapeutic care for most febrile patients in field clinics and health centers where novel molecular techniques have overcome sensitivity and specificity limitations. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel molecular method for rapid DNA target amplification with high specificity in isothermal conditions. LAMP provides a simple and rapid diagnostic tool for the early detection and species-specific identification of Plasmodium parasites using the read-out of the LAMP with the naked eye in the field, with no requirement for expensive thermal cyclers. LAMP is readily applicable to clinical diagnosis and active surveillance of malaria parasites in reference laboratories and research centers of endemic countries as a new alternative molecular diagnostic solution. This article summarizes current technical developments, applications, limitations and the future prospects for malaria diagnosis using LAMP in developed countries and endemic areas.