OBJECTIVE: To assess better and more efficiently the aspects of pain experienced by adolescent orthodontic patients, the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (MPQ-SF) was modified (MMPQ-SF) and validated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Internal and external expert panels developed a MMPQ-SF with 15 descriptors and 4-point Likert severity scales (MMPQ-SF15). Seventy-five subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment gave informed consent. Sixty-one subjects completed the MMPQ-SF15, a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the present pain index (PPI) 24 hours after an orthodontic visit. Respondents were grouped by gender and treatment stage: initial (15 female, 7 male), middle (10 female, 7 male), and end (16 female, 6 male). MMPQ-SF, VAS, and PPI scores were compared by Spearman correlation analysis. Underlying constructs were explored by factor analyses. Construct validity of the MMPQ-SF was tested by analysis of variance. RESULTS: MMPQ-SF15 and VAS (r = 0.78, r(2)s = 0.61, P < .0001), MMPQ-SF15 and PPI (r = 0.84, r(2)s = 0.71, P < .0001), and VAS and PPI (r = 0.70, r(2)s = 0.48, P < .0001) were correlated positively and significantly. A two-factor solution (localized and generalized/emotional pain; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.88) showed that 11 descriptors (MMPQ-SF11) accounted for 64% of response variability. Generalized/emotional pain values were significantly higher during the initial stage of treatment compared to the middle (P = .011) and end stages (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS: MMPQ-SF, particularly MMPQ-SF11, demonstrated utility in assessment of localized and generalized/emotional aspects of pain in adolescent orthodontic patients and correlated well with VAS and PPI. Future application of the MMPQ-SF11 to measure orthodontic pain more specifically could lead to more appropriate management of this important facet of therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To assess better and more efficiently the aspects of pain experienced by adolescent orthodontic patients, the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (MPQ-SF) was modified (MMPQ-SF) and validated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Internal and external expert panels developed a MMPQ-SF with 15 descriptors and 4-point Likert severity scales (MMPQ-SF15). Seventy-five subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment gave informed consent. Sixty-one subjects completed the MMPQ-SF15, a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the present pain index (PPI) 24 hours after an orthodontic visit. Respondents were grouped by gender and treatment stage: initial (15 female, 7 male), middle (10 female, 7 male), and end (16 female, 6 male). MMPQ-SF, VAS, and PPI scores were compared by Spearman correlation analysis. Underlying constructs were explored by factor analyses. Construct validity of the MMPQ-SF was tested by analysis of variance. RESULTS: MMPQ-SF15 and VAS (r = 0.78, r(2)s = 0.61, P < .0001), MMPQ-SF15 and PPI (r = 0.84, r(2)s = 0.71, P < .0001), and VAS and PPI (r = 0.70, r(2)s = 0.48, P < .0001) were correlated positively and significantly. A two-factor solution (localized and generalized/emotional pain; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.88) showed that 11 descriptors (MMPQ-SF11) accounted for 64% of response variability. Generalized/emotional pain values were significantly higher during the initial stage of treatment compared to the middle (P = .011) and end stages (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS: MMPQ-SF, particularly MMPQ-SF11, demonstrated utility in assessment of localized and generalized/emotional aspects of pain in adolescent orthodontic patients and correlated well with VAS and PPI. Future application of the MMPQ-SF11 to measure orthodontic pain more specifically could lead to more appropriate management of this important facet of therapy.
Authors: Svetlana A Shabalina; Dmitri V Zaykin; Pavel Gris; Aleksey Y Ogurtsov; Josee Gauthier; Kyoko Shibata; Inna E Tchivileva; Inna Belfer; Bikashkumar Mishra; Carly Kiselycznyk; Margaret R Wallace; Roland Staud; Nikolay A Spiridonov; Mitchell B Max; David Goldman; Roger B Fillingim; William Maixner; Luda Diatchenko Journal: Hum Mol Genet Date: 2008-12-22 Impact factor: 6.150
Authors: Laura Antonio-Zancajo; Javier Montero; Daniele Garcovich; Mario Alvarado-Lorenzo; Alberto Albaladejo; Alfonso Alvarado-Lorenzo Journal: Biology (Basel) Date: 2021-04-28