Detection and quantification of myocardial perfusion defects by resting single-phase 64-slice cardiac computed tomography angiography compared with SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

OBJECTIVE: Hypoenhanced regions on cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) correlate with myocardial hypoperfusion. We evaluated the ability of resting single-phase 64-slice CCTA to detect the presence of myocardial infarction (MI) compared with nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).
METHODS: One hundred and forty symptomatic patients (age 66±12 years, 64% men) with an irreversible perfusion defect (n=69) or a normal/reversible perfusion defect (n=71) on MPI were subjected to CCTA for further evaluation. MI on CCTA was detected visually on the basis of areas of hypoattenuation (dark) in the myocardium and the corresponding Hounsfield Units (HU) were measured.
RESULTS: CCTA accurately detected MI in 62 patients with an irreversible perfusion defect on MPI, yielding a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 94%, a negative predictive value of 91%, and a positive predictive value of 94%. The mean HU of normal and infarcted left ventricular myocardium was 107±23 and 16±40, respectively (P<0.001). An HU cut-off of 28 detected the presence of myocardial scar with 86% sensitivity and 59% specificity. The infarct volume measured by CCTA correlated well with the summed rest score (r=0.567; P<0.001) and the summed stress score (r=0.489; P<0.001) on MPI. In a substudy of 50 patients, the GE perfusion tool yielded a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 73%, an negative predictive value of 91%, and a positive predictive value of 76% in detecting MI.
CONCLUSION: Resting single-phase CCTA is highly accurate in detecting and quantifying MI. This study highlights a novel clinical utility of CCTA in addition to assessment of plaque burden and stenosis with no risk of additional radiation or contrast exposure to the patient.