Human amblyopia: structure of the visual field.

Kittens raised with different kinds of abnormal early visual experience (monocular and binocular deprivation, convergent strabismus, eye rotation, asymmetric alternating occlusion, early callosal split) show systematic deficits in the nasal visual field of the affected eye. To test whether abnormal visual experience produces similar deficits in the human visual system, we measured the monocular visual field of humans with subnormal binocular vision (strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes, strabismics with alternating fixation). Eight amblyopes were tested with a computer-assisted static perimetry (Octopus 2000). Twenty other subjects were tested with kinetic perimetry (Goldmann 940), 11 subjects with static perimetry (Goldmann 940). In some of these subjects, we measured the latency of saccades and the accuracy of visually guided pointing toward stimuli presented in the peripheral visual field. Both strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes frequently showed deficits of visual sensitivity in the central part of the visual field, but no systematic deficits in the peripheral field of the amblyopic eyes. Strabismic alternators had practically equal fields in the two eyes. Neither saccadic latency nor pointing accuracy showed a systematic impairment in the nasal visual field. The discrepancy between the field losses in strabismic humans and in cats raised with a surgically induced squint cannot be due to methodological differences, but rather to anatomical differences, or to the different origin of strabismus in the two species.