BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SZ) has been associated with an imbalance in the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. The objectives of this study were to compare TNF-α and its soluble receptors' serum levels in individuals with SZ with the levels found in a group of healthy volunteers and to investigate the possible association between these biomarkers and the dimensions and severity of symptoms, clinical outcomes and response to treatment in patients with SZ. METHODS: Fifty-four chronically medicated SZ outpatients and 118 healthy controls were included in the study. TNF-α levels were measured by Cytometric Bead Assay (CBA), and serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were significantly elevated in patients with SZ as compared to the healthy control group. In the group of individuals with SZ, the levels of both types of soluble TNF receptors showed a negative correlation with global functioning. sTNFR1 levels were higher in the treatment-resistant patients as compared to the non-treatment-resistant patients and the controls. sTNFR1 levels were also heightened in patients with SZ and concomitant depression. CONCLUSION: Our findings reinforce that SZ is associated with an inflammatory profile and suggest that sTNFR1 is a marker of a treatment-resistance and severe clinical course in SZ.
BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia (SZ) has been associated with an imbalance in the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. The objectives of this study were to compare TNF-α and its soluble receptors' serum levels in individuals with SZ with the levels found in a group of healthy volunteers and to investigate the possible association between these biomarkers and the dimensions and severity of symptoms, clinical outcomes and response to treatment in patients with SZ. METHODS: Fifty-four chronically medicated SZ outpatients and 118 healthy controls were included in the study. TNF-α levels were measured by Cytometric Bead Assay (CBA), and serum levels of soluble tumornecrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were significantly elevated in patients with SZ as compared to the healthy control group. In the group of individuals with SZ, the levels of both types of soluble TNF receptors showed a negative correlation with global functioning. sTNFR1 levels were higher in the treatment-resistant patients as compared to the non-treatment-resistant patients and the controls. sTNFR1 levels were also heightened in patients with SZ and concomitant depression. CONCLUSION: Our findings reinforce that SZ is associated with an inflammatory profile and suggest that sTNFR1 is a marker of a treatment-resistance and severe clinical course in SZ.
Authors: John Abel Engh; Thor Ueland; Ingrid Agartz; Dimitrios Andreou; Pål Aukrust; Birgitte Boye; Erlend Bøen; Ole Kristian Drange; Torbjørn Elvsåshagen; Sigrun Hope; Margrethe Collier Høegh; Inge Joa; Erik Johnsen; Rune Andreas Kroken; Trine Vik Lagerberg; Tove Lekva; Ulrik Fredrik Malt; Ingrid Melle; Gunnar Morken; Terje Nærland; Vidar Martin Steen; Kirsten Wedervang-Resell; Melissa Auten Weibell; Lars Tjelta Westlye; Srdjan Djurovic; Nils Eiel Steen; Ole Andreas Andreassen Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2022-01-21 Impact factor: 7.348
Authors: Cristiano Noto; Vanessa Kiyomi Ota; Eduardo S Gouvea; Lucas B Rizzo; Leticia M N Spindola; Pedro H S Honda; Quirino Cordeiro; Sintia Iole Belangero; Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan; Ary Gadelha; Michael Maes; Elisa Brietzke Journal: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol Date: 2014-10-31 Impact factor: 5.176