OBJECTIVES: We assessed the evidence relating preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension to five occupational exposures (working hours, shift work, lifting, standing and physical workload). We conducted a systematic search in Medline and Embase (1966 to 2011), updating a previous search with a further 6 years of observations. METHODS: As before, combinations of keywords and medical subject headings were used. Each relevant paper was assessed for completeness of reporting and potential for important bias or confounding, and its effect estimates abstracted. Where similar definitions of exposure and outcome existed we calculated pooled estimates of relative risk (RR) in meta-analysis. RESULTS: Analysis was based on 86 reports (32 cohort investigations, 57 with usable data on PTD, 54 on birth weight and 11 on pre-eclampsia/gestational hypertension); 33 reports were new to this review. For PTD, findings across a substantial evidence base were generally consistent, effectively ruling out large effects (eg, RR>1.2). Larger and higher quality studies were less positive, while meta-estimates of risk were smaller than in previous analyses and best estimates pointed to modest or null effects (RR 1.04 to 1.18). For SGA, the position was similar but meta-estimates were even closer to the null (eight of nine RRs ≤ 1.07). For pre-eclampsia/gestational hypertension the evidence base remains insufficient. CONCLUSIONS: The balance of evidence is against large effects for the associations investigated. As the evidence base has grown, estimates of risk in relation to these outcomes have become smaller.
OBJECTIVES: We assessed the evidence relating preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension to five occupational exposures (working hours, shift work, lifting, standing and physical workload). We conducted a systematic search in Medline and Embase (1966 to 2011), updating a previous search with a further 6 years of observations. METHODS: As before, combinations of keywords and medical subject headings were used. Each relevant paper was assessed for completeness of reporting and potential for important bias or confounding, and its effect estimates abstracted. Where similar definitions of exposure and outcome existed we calculated pooled estimates of relative risk (RR) in meta-analysis. RESULTS: Analysis was based on 86 reports (32 cohort investigations, 57 with usable data on PTD, 54 on birth weight and 11 on pre-eclampsia/gestational hypertension); 33 reports were new to this review. For PTD, findings across a substantial evidence base were generally consistent, effectively ruling out large effects (eg, RR>1.2). Larger and higher quality studies were less positive, while meta-estimates of risk were smaller than in previous analyses and best estimates pointed to modest or null effects (RR 1.04 to 1.18). For SGA, the position was similar but meta-estimates were even closer to the null (eight of nine RRs ≤ 1.07). For pre-eclampsia/gestational hypertension the evidence base remains insufficient. CONCLUSIONS: The balance of evidence is against large effects for the associations investigated. As the evidence base has grown, estimates of risk in relation to these outcomes have become smaller.
Authors: Laura J Lee; Elaine Symanski; Philip J Lupo; Sarah C Tinker; Hilda Razzaghi; Lisa A Pompeii; Adrienne T Hoyt; Mark A Canfield; Wenyaw Chan Journal: Am J Ind Med Date: 2015-12-17 Impact factor: 2.214
Authors: Kathryn L Gatford; David J Kennaway; Hong Liu; David O Kleemann; Timothy R Kuchel; Tamara J Varcoe Journal: J Physiol Date: 2019-02-10 Impact factor: 5.182
Authors: See Ling Loy; Poh Hui Wee; Marjorelee T Colega; Yin Bun Cheung; Izzuddin M Aris; Jerry Kok Yen Chan; Keith M Godfrey; Peter D Gluckman; Kok Hian Tan; Lynette Pei-Chi Shek; Yap-Seng Chong; Padmapriya Natarajan; Falk Müller-Riemenschneider; Ngee Lek; Victor Samuel Rajadurai; Mya-Thway Tint; Yung Seng Lee; Mary Foong-Fong Chong; Fabian Yap Journal: J Nutr Date: 2017-06-07 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón; Irene Souter; Paige L Williams; Jennifer B Ford; Russ Hauser; Jorge E Chavarro; Audrey J Gaskins Journal: Occup Environ Med Date: 2017-02-06 Impact factor: 4.402
Authors: Audrey J Gaskins; Janet W Rich-Edwards; Christina C Lawson; Eva S Schernhammer; Stacey A Missmer; Jorge E Chavarro Journal: Occup Environ Med Date: 2015-08-06 Impact factor: 4.402