Comparison of cardiovascular responses to noise during waking and sleeping in humans.

Eighty subjects, 40 men and 40 women, were allocated to one of two groups according to their self-estimated high or low sensitivity to noise. In the first part of the experiment, they were exposed to sequences of common noises during the morning or the afternoon. The heart-rate and finger-pulse responses were measured and recorded in relation to sensitivity, sex of subjects, and time of day. The different types of noise were compared for both responses. The heart-rate response showed differences between sensitivity groups but not between noises. In contrast, no significant differences were obtained between sensitivity groups when using the finger-pulse response, but clear differences were observed between noises. In a second part of the experiment, 10 men and 10 women subjects were selected from the previous two sensitivity groups. These 20 subjects were exposed during sleep to the same noises as during the daytime. Heart-rate and finger-pulse responses during sleep were significantly greater than during waking, and they did not differ significantly with respect to sensitivity to noise or gender. These two autonomic responses showed differences between noises that appeared to be related to their noise-equivalent-level value. Compared with the silent baseline night, the sleep pattern showed no significant modification in the night of noise disturbance, except for the frequency of transient activation phases, which was significantly increased in the latter.