Ethics of ongoing cancer care for patients making risky decisions.

Patients who decline conventional cancer therapy yet seek to continue follow-up while pursuing alternative therapy can pose an ethical challenge. The potential benefits and harms of an ongoing clinical relationship need be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Ongoing efforts at communicating, understanding the patient’s basis for decision making, and seeking to negotiate evidence-based care that is respectful of the patient’s preferences may improve outcomes.13 However, respect for the patient’s autonomy does not require support for inappropriate care and should not require that the oncologist check his or her professional judgment at the door.