| Literature DB >> 23258412 |
Jiaxi Wu1, Lijun Sun1,2, Xiang Chen1, Fenghe Du1, Heping Shi3, Chuo Chen3, Zhijian J Chen1,2.
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA induces type I interferons and other cytokines that are important for antimicrobial defense but can also result in autoimmunity. This DNA signaling pathway requires the adaptor protein STING and the transcription factor IRF3, but the mechanism of DNA sensing is unclear. We found that mammalian cytosolic extracts synthesized cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, or cGAMP) in vitro from adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate in the presence of DNA but not RNA. DNA transfection or DNA virus infection of mammalian cells also triggered cGAMP production. cGAMP bound to STING, leading to the activation of IRF3 and induction of interferon-β. Thus, cGAMP functions as an endogenous second messenger in metazoans and triggers interferon production in response to cytosolic DNA.Entities:
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Year: 2012 PMID： 23258412 PMCID： PMC3855410 DOI： 10.1126/science.1229963
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Science ISSN： 0036-8075 Impact factor: 47.728