Fawad Javed1, Howard C Tenenbaum, Getulio Nogueira-Filho, Faisal Qayyum, Fernanda O Bello Correa, Khalid Al-Hezaimi, Lakshman P Samaranayake. 1. Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences (FJ, KA-H) and Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry (FJ, KA-H), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Periodontology (HCT) and Department of Preventive Dentistry (GN-F), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Section of Dentistry (FQ), Aga Khan University Hospital, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Semiology and Clinic (FOBC), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, Brazil; Oral Biosciences (LPS), Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The deleterious effects of chewing betel quid (BQ) with or without tobacco on periodontal health are poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and extent of periodontal disease among individuals chewing BQ with and without tobacco. METHODS: One hundred twenty individuals (70 BQ chewers: 35 with tobacco and 35 without tobacco) and 50 control individuals (non-chewers) were included in this study. Sociodemographic data and information regarding BQ chewing habit were collected using a questionnaire. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were measured. Numbers of missing teeth were recorded and marginal bone loss was measured on panoramic radiographs. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS: The socioeconomic status of subjects in the control group was significantly higher as compared with those chewing BQ either with or without tobacco. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were greater in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Subjects chewing BQ with tobacco had fewer teeth than those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Marginal bone loss was higher in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of periodontal disease is enhanced in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco as compared with those chewing BQ without tobacco. Subjects with a low socioeconomic status and poor education are significantly more likely than others to develop periodontal disease.
BACKGROUND: The deleterious effects of chewing betel quid (BQ) with or without tobacco on periodontal health are poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and extent of periodontal disease among individuals chewing BQ with and without tobacco. METHODS: One hundred twenty individuals (70 BQ chewers: 35 with tobacco and 35 without tobacco) and 50 control individuals (non-chewers) were included in this study. Sociodemographic data and information regarding BQ chewing habit were collected using a questionnaire. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were measured. Numbers of missing teeth were recorded and marginal bone loss was measured on panoramic radiographs. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS: The socioeconomic status of subjects in the control group was significantly higher as compared with those chewing BQ either with or without tobacco. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were greater in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Subjects chewing BQ with tobacco had fewer teeth than those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Marginal bone loss was higher in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of periodontal disease is enhanced in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco as compared with those chewing BQ without tobacco. Subjects with a low socioeconomic status and poor education are significantly more likely than others to develop periodontal disease.
Authors: Suzanne M de la Monte; Natalia Moriel; Amy Lin; Nada Abdullah Tanoukhy; Camille Homans; Gina Gallucci; Ming Tong; Ayumi Saito Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-09-14 Impact factor: 3.390