BACKGROUND: Despite the higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people with chronic kidney disease, it remains uncertain whether early detection through screening is cost-effective in this setting. We aimed to determine the costs and health benefits of CRC screening in people on dialysis or who have received a kidney transplant. METHODS: Using a government health perspective, three probabilistic Markov models were constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of annual immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) screening against no-screening in a cohort of 1000 patients (age 50-70 years) on dialysis and with kidney transplants. A series of one-way, multi-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the model structure and the extent in which the model's assumptions were sensitive to the uncertainties within the input variables. RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of CRC screening compared with no-screening were $138 828 per quality-adjusted life year [QALY; $122 977 per life year saved (LYS)], $121 973 per QALY ($ 85 095 per LYS) and $44 790 per QALY ($25 036 per LYS) for dialysis patients not listed on the transplant waiting list, patients on the transplant waiting list and patients with kidney transplants, respectively. The test specificity of iFOBT, the starting age of screening and cancer prevalence were influential factors that determined the overall cost-effectiveness of screening in this setting. CONCLUSION: Screening for CRC using iFOBT may reduce cancer-specific mortality in patients on dialysis and with kidney transplants. However, the benefits and costs of screening CRCs in patients on dialysis, especially for those deemed not suitable for transplantation, greatly exceeded the typical thresholds for acceptable cost-effectiveness.
BACKGROUND: Despite the higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people with chronic kidney disease, it remains uncertain whether early detection through screening is cost-effective in this setting. We aimed to determine the costs and health benefits of CRC screening in people on dialysis or who have received a kidney transplant. METHODS: Using a government health perspective, three probabilistic Markov models were constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of annual immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) screening against no-screening in a cohort of 1000 patients (age 50-70 years) on dialysis and with kidney transplants. A series of one-way, multi-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the model structure and the extent in which the model's assumptions were sensitive to the uncertainties within the input variables. RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of CRC screening compared with no-screening were $138 828 per quality-adjusted life year [QALY; $122 977 per life year saved (LYS)], $121 973 per QALY ($ 85 095 per LYS) and $44 790 per QALY ($25 036 per LYS) for dialysis patients not listed on the transplant waiting list, patients on the transplant waiting list and patients with kidney transplants, respectively. The test specificity of iFOBT, the starting age of screening and cancer prevalence were influential factors that determined the overall cost-effectiveness of screening in this setting. CONCLUSION: Screening for CRC using iFOBT may reduce cancer-specific mortality in patients on dialysis and with kidney transplants. However, the benefits and costs of screening CRCs in patients on dialysis, especially for those deemed not suitable for transplantation, greatly exceeded the typical thresholds for acceptable cost-effectiveness.
Authors: Germaine Wong; Richard L Hope; Kirsten Howard; Jeremy R Chapman; Antoni Castells; Simon D Roger; Michael J Bourke; Petra Macaskill; Robin Turner; Gabrielle Williams; Wai Hon Lim; Charmaine E Lok; Fritz Diekmann; Nicholas B Cross; Shaundeep Sen; Richard D M Allen; Steven J Chadban; Carol A Pollock; Allison Tong; Armando Teixeira-Pinto; Jean Y H Yang; Narelle Williams; Eric Hoi Kit Au; Anh Kieu; Laura James; Jonathan C Craig Journal: J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2019-04-30 Impact factor: 10.121
Authors: Vikas R Dharnidharka; Abhijit S Naik; David Axelrod; Mark A Schnitzler; Huiling Xiao; Daniel C Brennan; Dorry L Segev; Henry Randall; Jiajing Chen; Bertram Kasiske; Krista L Lentine Journal: Transplantation Date: 2017-04 Impact factor: 4.939