Identification of lipoprotein lipase immunoreactive protein in pre- and postheparin plasma from normal subjects and patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia.

Postheparin plasma is a convenient source for the measurement of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in humans. Previous studies have focused on the measurement of LPL catalytic activity, and have been unable to conveniently measure the LPL protein or identify possibly different plasma forms of the enzyme. Pre- and postheparin plasma was treated with a highly specific antibody raised against bovine milk LPL and the immunoprecipitate was analyzed by Western blotting. In normal subjects there were several species of LPL in plasma. A 56 kD protein increased after heparin injection, and likely represented active LPL. The anti-LPL antibody reacted specifically with this 56 kD protein, and also reacted specifically with proteins at 52 kD, 69 kD, as well as a 20 kD breakdown product. In addition, using peptide mapping, the 56 kD protein was structurally similar to the 52 and 69 kD LPL proteins. The antibodies were affinity purified, biotinylated, and used to quantitate LPL immunoreactive mass using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LPL immunoreactive mass was present in all subjects in preheparin plasma. In postheparin plasma, five patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia displayed decreased LPL immunoreactive mass when compared to normal subjects, although there was a wide range of specific activity of the small amount of enzyme present. When the LPL from the plasma of the patients was immunoprecipitated and Western blotted, there was considerable heterogeneity in the appearance of the LPL forms, and an overall decrease in LPL protein. Thus, several different immunoreactive LPL proteins were present in pre- and postheparin plasma. In preheparin plasma, as well as in patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia, there was decreased immunoreactive LPL protein, and the LPL protein that was present was of low specific activity.