Delayed graft function requiring more than one-time dialysis treatment is associated with inferior clinical outcomes.

Delayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication of deceased donor kidney transplantation with negative impact on clinical outcomes. In a single-center retrospective analysis, we compared patient and kidney survival, early renal function, and the incidence of acute rejection during the first year among all adult deceased donor kidney transplant patients without DGF, with DGF requiring one-time and/or more than one-time dialysis treatment between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2008. Of 831 adult kidney transplant patients, 74 (8.9%) required one-time and 134 (16.1%) more than one-time dialysis treatment post-transplantation, respectively. While DGF patients with one-time dialysis treatment had comparable clinical outcomes to that of patients without DGF, patients with DGF requiring more than one-time dialysis treatment had a 45% increased risk for death (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02, 2.05, p = 0.04) after adjustment for the differences in demographic and baseline characteristics. Furthermore, DGF patients with more than one-time dialysis requirement displayed significantly lower renal function after recovery (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.21, 0.49, p < 0.001, for eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min) and higher incidence of acute rejection during the first year (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11, 2.49, p = 0.015). Additional studies of therapeutic approaches to manage patients with prolonged DGF are needed.