Purification and characterization of two porcine liver nuclear histone acetyltransferases.

Two forms of porcine histone acetyltransferase (types I and II) have been purified to apparent homogeneity from liver nuclei. Both activities are extracted from nuclei by 0.5 M NaCl and display a native Mr of 110,000 as determined by gel filtration. Saline enzyme extracts were subject to ammonium sulfate precipitation and sequential chromatography on Q-Sepharose, Sephacryl S-200, hydroxylapatite, and Mono Q supports. The histone acetyltransferase type I fraction contains three polypeptide chains with apparent Mr values of 105,000, 62,000, and 45,000, respectively, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cyanogen bromide peptide mapping and immunoblotting suggest that the Mr 62,000 and 45,000 polypeptides are derived by cleavage of the Mr 105,000 polypeptide. Histone acetyltransferase type II contains two different subunits with apparent Mr values of 50,000 and 40,000, respectively. The amino acid composition, heat inactivation profiles, and Michaelis constants with respect to both acetyl coenzyme A and histones were indistinguishable for types I and II. However, affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to both forms of the enzyme do not cross-react; cyanogen bromide-derived in situ cleavage digest patterns show few similarities; and the turnover number for type I is approximately 15-fold lower than that for type II. We estimate that there is one enzyme molecule for every 500 nucleosomes. The existence of two distinct forms of nuclear histone acetyltransferase in pig liver suggests that they may have separate functions in vivo.