Greater trochanteric pain syndrome: more than bursitis and iliotibial tract friction.

Disorders causing lateral hip pain are encountered frequently by physicians. Evaluating these problems can be challenging because of the myriad of potential causes, the complex anatomy of the peritrochanteric structures, and the inconsistently described etiologic factors. Misconceptions about the causes of lateral hip pain and tenderness are common, frequently leading to approaches that only provide temporary solutions rather than address the underlying pathology. Trochanteric bursitis is implicated frequently but is seldom the primary cause of pain in chronic cases. It is important to address hip rotator cuff tendinopathy and pelvic core instability. Treatment options include therapeutic exercise, physical modalities, corticosteroid injections, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and regenerative injection therapies. For recalcitrant cases, surgery may be appropriate. By understanding the anatomy of the peritrochanteric structures, and the pathologic processes most likely responsible for symptomatology and dysfunction, the physician will be prepared to provide effective long-term solutions for this common problem.