Simulation for technical skills.

Repetitive deliberate practice results in the development of professional expertise. In training thoracic surgeons, this concept was incorporated by long hours and years of training. Today, the landscape has changed, and residents are no longer allowed to work such hours. In addition, the complexity and variety of procedures performed has increased significantly, further decreasing any particular individual's exposure to a given technique. The incorporation of simulation into resident education will allow us to increase the hours of practice for a given technique and develop expertise before needing it in the operating room. Currently, very few models are available for these purposes. However, the increasing interest in the development and validation of these models to support the education of our residents will allow for progress in the near future.