BACKGROUND: There is a lack of scientific knowledge about the broader spectrum of hypomania in adolescence and the course over time. To investigate this, we used longitudinal data spanning from adolescence to age 31 years. METHOD: A community sample of adolescents (N=2300) was screened for depressive symptoms. Adolescents (16-17 years) with a positive screening and matched controls were interviewed with a structured diagnostic interview. A blinded follow-up assessment was conducted 15 years later, with a structured diagnostic interview covering the age span 19-31 years. Questions about treatment and family history were included. RESULTS: Ninety adolescents (16-17 years) with a lifetime hypomania spectrum episode (3.9% of the total sample) were identified: 40 with fullsyndromal, 18 with brief-episode (<4 day), and 32 with subsyndromal (1-2 main symptoms and 1-2 additional symptoms) hypomania. The hypomania symptoms reported by the fullsyndromal and the brief-episode groups were similar, whereas the subsyndromal group per definition reported fewer symptoms. Of the 90 adolescents with a hypomania spectrum episode, 64 (71%) participated in the follow-up interview. Mania in adulthood was reported by 2 (3%), hypomania by an additional 4 (6%), and major depression by 38 (59%). Incidence of mood episodes in adulthood did not differ between the subgroups of hypomania spectrum. LIMITATIONS: 29% of the participants with hypomania spectrum were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that only a small proportion of adolescents with hypomania spectrum episodes continue to have (hypo)mania in adulthood. Thus, maintenance or prophylactic treatment does not seem warranted for this group.
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of scientific knowledge about the broader spectrum of hypomania in adolescence and the course over time. To investigate this, we used longitudinal data spanning from adolescence to age 31 years. METHOD: A community sample of adolescents (N=2300) was screened for depressive symptoms. Adolescents (16-17 years) with a positive screening and matched controls were interviewed with a structured diagnostic interview. A blinded follow-up assessment was conducted 15 years later, with a structured diagnostic interview covering the age span 19-31 years. Questions about treatment and family history were included. RESULTS: Ninety adolescents (16-17 years) with a lifetime hypomania spectrum episode (3.9% of the total sample) were identified: 40 with fullsyndromal, 18 with brief-episode (<4 day), and 32 with subsyndromal (1-2 main symptoms and 1-2 additional symptoms) hypomania. The hypomania symptoms reported by the fullsyndromal and the brief-episode groups were similar, whereas the subsyndromal group per definition reported fewer symptoms. Of the 90 adolescents with a hypomania spectrum episode, 64 (71%) participated in the follow-up interview. Mania in adulthood was reported by 2 (3%), hypomania by an additional 4 (6%), and major depression by 38 (59%). Incidence of mood episodes in adulthood did not differ between the subgroups of hypomania spectrum. LIMITATIONS: 29% of the participants with hypomania spectrum were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that only a small proportion of adolescents with hypomania spectrum episodes continue to have (hypo)mania in adulthood. Thus, maintenance or prophylactic treatment does not seem warranted for this group.
Authors: Carrie A H Vaudreuil; Stephen V Faraone; Maura Di Salvo; Janet R Wozniak; Rebecca A Wolenski; Nicholas W Carrellas; Joseph Biederman Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2018-12-19 Impact factor: 6.744
Authors: Danella M Hafeman; Tina R Goldstein; Michael Strober; John Merranko; Mary Kay Gill; Fangzi Liao; Rasim S Diler; Neal D Ryan; Benjamin I Goldstein; David A Axelson; Martin B Keller; Jeffrey I Hunt; Heather Hower; Lauren M Weinstock; Shirley Yen; Boris Birmaher Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2021-01-19 Impact factor: 5.345
Authors: Aivar Päären; Hannes Bohman; Lars von Knorring; Gunilla Olsson; Anne-Liis von Knorring; Ulf Jonsson Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2014-12-24 Impact factor: 3.630
Authors: Iman Alaie; Anna Philipson; Richard Ssegonja; Lars Hagberg; Inna Feldman; Filipa Sampaio; Margareta Möller; Hans Arinell; Mia Ramklint; Aivar Päären; Lars von Knorring; Gunilla Olsson; Anne-Liis von Knorring; Hannes Bohman; Ulf Jonsson Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2019-03-01 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Aivar Päären; Hannes Bohman; Anne-Liis von Knorring; Lars von Knorring; Gunilla Olsson; Ulf Jonsson Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2014-01-15 Impact factor: 3.630