Methylation and aberrant expression of the Wnt antagonist secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 in bladder cancer.

The aims of this study were to determine the methylation and expression status of secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) in bladder cancer, to explore the mechanisms involved and to study the role of SFRP1 in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. SFRP1 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The DNA methylation status was determined by methylation-specific PCR and protein was detected using western blotting. The results of the present study demonstrated that SFRP1 was methylated in the bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637, but not in SCaBER cells. After treating T24 and 5637 cells with a demethylating agent, the cells expressed SFRP1 mRNA and protein. Among the 45 patients with bladder cancer, methylation of SFRP1 was detected in 28 patients (62.2%). Of the matched cancer-adjacent tissues, 6 (13.3%) were found to have methylated SFRP1. The result is statistically significant (P<0.01). In conclusion, SFRP1 is downregulated in certain bladder cancer patients as a consequence of methylation. SFRP1 methylation may be involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer via excessive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.