A case of carcinomatous meningitis despite prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer during treatment with amrubicin.

A 47-year-old man was diagnosed with limited-disease small cell lung cancer. Treatment was initiated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A partial response was achieved, and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was administered. Local recurrence was identified on follow-up and treated with amrubicin (AMR). After two courses of AMR, a state of stable disease was achieved and AMR treatment was continued. After the third course of AMR, the patient was urgently hospitalized suffering from a headache and disturbance of consciousness, and a diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis was made. This case report concerns a case of carcinomatous meningitis despite PCI during treatment with AMR.