BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Computed tomographic-angiography (CT-A) is becoming more accepted in detecting intracranial circulatory arrest in brain death (BD). An international consensus about the use and the parameters of this technique is currently not established. We examined intracranial contrast enhancement in CT-A after clinically confirmed BD, compared the results with electroencephalography (EEG) and Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD) findings and developed a commonly applicable CT-A protocol. METHODS: Prospective, monocentric study between April 2008 and October 2011. EEG, TCD and CT-A were performed in 63 patients aged between 18 and 88 years (mean, 55 years) who fulfilled clinical criteria of BD. Evaluation of opacification of cerebral vascular territories in CT-A was performed in arterial as well as in venous scanning series by a neuroradiologist and a neurointensivist/neurosurgeon together. RESULTS: CT-A demonstrated a 95% sensitivity in detecting intracranial circulatory arrest when analysing arterial scanning series. We never observed venous blood return in internal cerebral veins. In three cases, BD confirmation by EEG failed because of artefacts. Confirmation of BD by TCD failed in two cases because of absent temporal window. In three cases, TCD demonstrated residual blood flow. CONCLUSION: CT-A is easily accessible in almost every hospital, offers a high spatio-temporal resolution, is operator independent and inexpensive. The results of CT-A are comparable to other established brain perfusion techniques in BD. An international consensus should be established to ascertain consistent parameters similar to fixed guidelines for other ancillary procedures to determine BD in order to prevent different scanning and evaluation protocols for detecting intracranial circulatory arrest.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Computed tomographic-angiography (CT-A) is becoming more accepted in detecting intracranial circulatory arrest in brain death (BD). An international consensus about the use and the parameters of this technique is currently not established. We examined intracranial contrast enhancement in CT-A after clinically confirmed BD, compared the results with electroencephalography (EEG) and Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD) findings and developed a commonly applicable CT-A protocol. METHODS: Prospective, monocentric study between April 2008 and October 2011. EEG, TCD and CT-A were performed in 63 patients aged between 18 and 88 years (mean, 55 years) who fulfilled clinical criteria of BD. Evaluation of opacification of cerebral vascular territories in CT-A was performed in arterial as well as in venous scanning series by a neuroradiologist and a neurointensivist/neurosurgeon together. RESULTS: CT-A demonstrated a 95% sensitivity in detecting intracranial circulatory arrest when analysing arterial scanning series. We never observed venous blood return in internal cerebral veins. In three cases, BD confirmation by EEG failed because of artefacts. Confirmation of BD by TCD failed in two cases because of absent temporal window. In three cases, TCD demonstrated residual blood flow. CONCLUSION: CT-A is easily accessible in almost every hospital, offers a high spatio-temporal resolution, is operator independent and inexpensive. The results of CT-A are comparable to other established brain perfusion techniques in BD. An international consensus should be established to ascertain consistent parameters similar to fixed guidelines for other ancillary procedures to determine BD in order to prevent different scanning and evaluation protocols for detecting intracranial circulatory arrest.
Authors: Glauco Adrieno Westphal; Valter Duro Garcia; Rafael Lisboa de Souza; Cristiano Augusto Franke; Kalinca Daberkow Vieira; Viviane Renata Zaclikevis Birckholz; Miriam Cristine Machado; Eliana Régia Barbosa de Almeida; Fernando Osni Machado; Luiz Antônio da Costa Sardinha; Raquel Wanzuita; Carlos Eduardo Soares Silvado; Gerson Costa; Vera Braatz; Milton Caldeira Filho; Rodrigo Furtado; Luana Alves Tannous; André Gustavo Neves de Albuquerque; Edson Abdala Journal: Rev Bras Ter Intensiva Date: 2016-09
Authors: Stefan Welschehold; Stephan Boor; Katharina Reuland; Frank Thömke; Thomas Kerz; André Reuland; Christian Beyer; Martin Gartenschläger; Wolfgang Wagner; Alf Giese; Wibke Müller-Forell Journal: Dtsch Arztebl Int Date: 2012-09-28 Impact factor: 5.594
Authors: Marcin Sawicki; R Bohatyrewicz; K Safranow; A Walecka; J Walecki; O Rowinski; J Solek-Pastuszka; Z Czajkowski; M Guzinski; M Burzynska; J Wojczal Journal: Neuroradiology Date: 2014-05-07 Impact factor: 2.804
Authors: Tim Taylor; Rob A Dineen; Dale C Gardiner; Charmaine H Buss; Allan Howatson; Nathan Leon Pace Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2014-03-31